最流行的发型(2031最流行的发型)

粪菌移植促进老年斑秃患者头发再生及白发转黑

肠道菌群与人体衰老密切相关。肠道菌群紊乱也与皮肤、毛发疾病的发生息息相关。一名86岁高龄的老年男性患者,因慢性腹泻在广东药科大学附属第一医院消化内科接受粪菌移植后,不仅慢性腹泻得到了有效的改善,同时,患者的头发也发生了显著的改变,脱发(斑秃)再长,白发转成了黑发,老年斑也明显消退。相关研究结果发表于国际专业杂志World J Clin Cases(2019;7(19):3074-3081;
https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v7/i19/3074.htm
作者:谢文瑞,阳小雅,夏华向, 吴礼浩,何兴祥.通讯作者:何兴祥)。

附件1.本论文的全文翻译

附件2.本论文的World J Clin Cases全文链接。


2020年9月5日


附件1. 本论文的全文翻译

Hair regrowth following fecal microbiota transplantation in an elderly patient with alopecia areata: A case report and review of the literature

粪菌移植促使老年斑秃患者毛发再生:病例报道及文献复习

Wen-Rui Xie, Harry Hua-Xiang Xia, Li-Hao Wu, Xing-Xiang He,

谢文瑞,阳小雅,夏华向,吴礼浩,何兴祥

广东药科大学附属第一医院消化内科


研究背景

斑秃是一种与遗传、自身免疫等因素有关的脱发性疾病。斑秃和肠道生态失调之间有密切的联系。粪菌移植(FMT)已被推荐用于治疗难辨梭状芽胞杆菌(以前称为难辨梭状芽胞杆菌)感染,并且在治疗炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征和非酒精性脂肪性肝病方面也具有良好的应用前景。


病例摘要

一位86岁的老年男性患者,因反复腹痛、腹胀、腹泻伴食欲不振6个月入院。既往有乙状结肠癌手术病史,以及抑郁症病史。入院时查体:右侧枕部出现1.5 cm×2.0 cm斑秃。入院后的实验室检查、小肠胶囊内镜检查和结肠镜检查结果均为阴性,患者被诊断为非感染性腹泻、抑郁症和斑秃。考虑到该老年患者的非感染性腹泻主要由肠道菌群紊乱引起,进行了6个疗程FMT治疗。FMT后1个月腹泻症状明显改善,食欲改善,腹痛、腹胀以及精神症状也得到了显著的改善。令人惊讶的是,患者自己发现,尽管在FMT前后没有采取任何其他治疗斑秃的方法,但是,粪菌移植后,原来的右侧枕部的斑秃处重新长出了新的头发,而且,原有的白头居然也逐渐转为黑发。


结论

粪菌移植可能是斑秃患者的一种潜在的治疗方法,更多设计良好的研究有助于进一步证实其临床疗效。

关键词:粪菌移植,斑秃;肠道菌群,自身免疫性疾病,病例报道

斑秃是一种影响毛囊并导致脱发的慢性炎症性疾病,其病因与遗传、自身免疫和环境因素有关[1]。近期研究表明[2,3],斑秃与肠道微生态失调密切相关。近年来,粪菌移植作为一种恢复肠道微生态紊乱的有效的治疗技术,已经被列入治疗难治性复发性艰难梭菌感染的治疗指南[4]。此外,FMT也被用于治疗其他与肠道微生态紊乱有关的疾病,如炎症性肠病(包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病)、肠易激综合征、肝病和便秘等等[5-9]。我们报告一例斑秃患者,经过FMT后毛发再生的临床病例。

病情介绍

2017年4月5日,1名86岁的老年男性患者,因“反复腹痛、腹胀、腹泻伴纳差6月”就诊于广东药科大学附属第一医院消化内科。该患者近6个月以来,解烂便4-5次/日,无粘液脓血便,无发热。既往有乙状结肠癌手术史,有抑郁症病史,目前服用“氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片”治疗。个人史和家族史无特殊。入院后,体格检查: T 36.6℃,HR 78次/分,R 20次/分,BP 123/72 mmHg,BMI 17.2 kg/m2. 右侧枕部见一处1.5 cm×2.0 cm斑秃(未拍照)。腹部软,无压痛和反跳痛。实验室检查:血清白蛋白 35g/L(正常值参考范围 40-55g/L),血常规、粪便常规以及粪便潜血均为阴性。胶囊内镜检查及结肠镜检查胃肠道粘膜正常(图 1)。结合患者的病情以及实验室检查、胶囊内镜、结肠镜检查结果。患者被诊断为非感染性腹泻、抑郁症、斑秃。综合患者的病情,排除了胰腺外分泌功能不足、胆汁酸吸收不良、胃肠道恶性肿瘤、炎症性肠病以及抗生素相关性腹泻等病因,考虑该患者的腹泻主要是由于肠道微生态紊乱所致[10-12],因此,对患者进行了6次个疗程的粪菌移植治疗。供体来源于一名22岁的健康男性,菌群分离制备采用智能化粪菌分离系统完成,移植途径采用肠镜下置入TET管方式。

FMT 治疗后随访18个月,最后一次随访于2018年11月22日。患者的腹泻在FMT后一个月明显好转,大便次数减少至每日1-2次,食欲改善,腹痛、腹胀症状消失。抑郁症状也得到了改善,汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAM-D17)评分由30分降至13分。BMI上升至18.3 kg/m2,血清白蛋白升高至38 g/L。令人惊讶的是,虽然FMT前后没有使用任何其他治疗斑秃的药物,但是,在FMT后的第四周随访时,患者报告说他的斑秃处重新长出来新的头发,而且原来的一部分白头发逐渐变黑,。最后一次访视时,他的头发保持生长(图2),同时面部老年斑消失(未拍照)。

讨论

我们报告一例中国老年患者,因为慢性腹泻接受FMT治疗后,腹泻症状得到有效改善的同时,斑秃处重新长出了毛发,并且原有的白发部分转为黑发,抑郁症状改善,面部老年斑消失。我们推测,所有这些变化都与FMT后肠道微生物群的改变有关。肠道生态失调在感染性腹泻中起着关键作用[16,17]。采用FMT治疗难辨梭状芽胞杆菌相关腹泻,其疗效甚至优于万古霉素或安慰剂[18]。除感染性腹泻外,肠道生态失调在非感染性腹泻中也发挥着重要作用[10-12]。一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照、平行组、单中心试验研究结果显示[7],接受FMT治疗后,腹泻型肠易激综合征症状明显改善。在广东药科大学附属第一医院FMT治疗中心,我们使用FMT治疗了40例腹泻患者,所有患者的症状均得到了明显改善(数据未发表)。在这个病例中,我们对一位非感染性腹泻的老年病人进行了FMT治疗。在治疗过程中,我们惊奇地观察到他脱发区域的毛发再生现象。

斑秃的临床分型包括斑片状斑秃、全秃和普秃[19]。其发病机制包括以下几个因素:(1)遗传学:已发现62个基因参与斑秃的发病机制[19];(2)免疫应答:免疫耐受的丧失以及随后毛囊自身反应性浸润的攻击被认为是斑秃的主要原因[1,19,20];(3)其他因素:氧化应激和感染因子可导致免疫耐受的破坏,引发斑秃[19,20]。此外,心理应激可能是斑秃发生和发展的加重因素,但这一观点尚存在争议[20-23]。

斑秃的治疗方法包括几个方面。第一,局部应用皮质激素。但该治疗不能抑制斑秃在其他部位的发生[1,19]。其次,进展迅速的斑秃患者可通过全身应用皮质类固醇而获益[19,24,25]。但是在大多数情况下,需要持续性的使用来保持头发生长[19]。第三,接触免疫疗法对斑片状斑秃患者有效,但对全秃和泛秃[19]患者无效,而且复发率高(62%)。这意味着需要针对新的靶点进行新的、更有效的治疗干预。

近年来,多项研究表明,肠道微生态失调在特异性皮炎、牛皮癣等皮肤病的发病中发挥重要作用[26-29]。然而斑秃与肠道微生态失调的关系尚待阐明。斑秃可能与其他自身免疫性疾病,特别是IBD[30]有关。一系列临床病例报道IBD患者出现脱发现象[31-34],但对其病因了解甚少。肠道微生态失调是IBD的主要发病机制之一[35-37],肠道微生态失调可能是斑秃和IBD共存的共同途径。维生素B7是一种水溶性维生素,主要依靠肠道中的细菌产生。脱发是维生素B7缺乏[38]的表现之一,而这种缺乏是由多种因素引起的,包括IBD[39]。最近,Hayashi等[2]报道了在缺乏维生素B7的无菌小鼠中发生脱发现象,并伴有乳酸菌的过度生长。小鼠在补充维生素B7后毛发再生,鼠乳杆菌数量减少,说明秃发主要是由于肠道微生态失调,特别是鼠乳杆菌过度生长,导致生物素[2]缺乏所致。因此,肠道微生态失调和斑秃之间存在密切联系。

由肠道菌群产生的短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)通过调节调节性T细胞(regulatory T cells, Tregs)的数量和功能,有助于维持[40]的免疫稳态,Tregs在斑秃的诱导中发挥关键作用[3,30]。Borde等[3]推测,SCFAs中的丙酸盐通过刺激G蛋白偶联受体,诱导产生更多的耐受性tregs,保护毛囊免受免疫攻击。他们观察到,5只C3H/He J小鼠(一种自发发生斑秃的小鼠)中,在丙酸治疗11周后毛发再生,Treg/CD4+比例增加。然而,当他们再次重复这项研究时,并没有重现头发再生的积极结果。由于肠道菌群种类繁多,仅通过提供一种SCFAs来恢复正常肠道菌群是不够的,或许是导致结果不确定的原因。然而,肠道微生态失调和斑秃之间的有趣联系确实存在,并且恢复一个健康的肠道微生态环境,而不是仅仅提供几种SCFAs,将在治疗斑秃中发挥更有效的作用。

维生素D是我们日常饮食中的微量营养素之一,它能维持血液中钙和磷的正常水平。维生素D通过活化酶Cyp27B1[42]转化为1,25(OH)2D3的活性形式来发挥其生物学功能。1,25(OH)2D3通过结合维生素D受体(VDR)从而使其保持生物学活性[43]。越来越多的证据表明,1,25 (OH)2D3缺乏与斑秃有关[44-46],其中VDR缺乏在斑秃中发挥重要作用[47-49]。最近的一项研究表明1,25(OH)2D3缺乏导致肠道微生态失调,导致SCFAs产生[50]的减少。另一方面,多项研究表明VDR和Cyp27B1的表达受肠道菌群的调控[51-53]。因此,虽然1,25(OH)2D3与肠道菌群之间存在双向关系,1,25(OH)2D3缺乏与肠道菌群紊乱之间可能存在双向关系[43],但尚不清楚哪一种机制是斑秃发病的主要原因。

FMT被认为是一种安全有效的恢复肠道微生态紊乱的方法,对反复发作的CDI、IBD、IBS、肝病等具有良好的临床疗效[54-57]。FMT恢复肠道微生态的原理尚未完全阐明。Ooijevaar等[58]提出可能存在两种途径,即直接途径和间接途径。在直接途径中,一些有益菌和营养物质直接随着FMT转运,与病原菌竞争,补充缺失的营养物质,这一过程与宿主无关。在间接途径中,与宿主相关因素,包括免疫调节和机械屏障功能等有关。

FMT在许多疾病中的良好的临床疗效为治疗斑秃的提供了一种可能的方法 [3,30]。2017年,Rebello等[59]报道2例复发性CDI伴普发性脱发患者在使用FMT治疗后毛发再生的案例。与上述两例病例相一致的是,本例斑片状斑秃的老年患者在使用FMT治疗非感染性腹泻后出现了毛发的长期生长(表1)。这些结果表明,FMT可以通过补充肠道微生物群而有助于毛发的再生。健康肠道微生物环境的恢复有助于机体的免疫调节,改善营养物质的吸收和合成,包括氨基酸/蛋白质、生物素、SCFAs和维生素D,最终促进头发再生。本例中,老年患者经FMT后营养状况有所改善,BMI和血清白蛋白均略有升高。遗憾的是,我们无法提供该患者在FMT前后的维生素B7和维生素D水平,而这一信息的获得可能有助于阐明FMT导致毛发再生的机制。

除了毛发再生之外,我们还发现该老年患者的白头发转为黑发的现象,而且脸上老年斑消失。白头发转黑的机制目前尚不明确。某些器官特异性自身免疫性疾病可能参与了其中,提示肠道菌群可能与白头发的形成过程有关[60]。因此,该老年患者可以在恢复肠道微生态环境平衡后白头发转为黑发。此外,由于肠道菌群可以通过肠-脑轴调节神经和精神心理作用[61,62],患者在FMT后抑郁症状也得到改善。

总的来说,尽管本案例和Rebello等的临床报导[59]均发现,FMT对斑秃均有良好的临床疗效,但仍需要开展大型的设计良好的临床试验,进一步证实FMT治疗斑秃的临床疗效。


Figure 1 Colonoscopy showing a normal colonic mucosa.

Figure 2 Hair regrowth on an elderly Chinese patient’s scalp after fecal microbiota transplantation. The patient’s scalp 1 mo (A), 4 mo (B), and 18 mo (C) after fecal microbiota transplantation, respectively.

参考文献

1 Trüeb RM, Dias MFRG. Alopecia Areata: a Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis and Management.Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 54: 68-87 [PMID: 28717940 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8620-9]

2 Hayashi A, Mikami Y, Miyamoto K, Kamada N, Sato T, Mizuno S, Naganuma M, Teratani T, Aoki R,Fukuda S, Suda W, Hattori M, Amagai M, Ohyama M, Kanai T. Intestinal Dysbiosis and Biotin

Deprivation Induce Alopecia through Overgrowth of Lactobacillus murinus in Mice. Cell Rep 2017; 20:1513-1524 [PMID:28813664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.057]

3 Borde A, ?strand A. Alopecia areata and the gut-the link opens up for novel therapeutic interventions.Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22: 503-511 [PMID: 29808708 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1481504]

4 Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Tilg H, Rajili?-Stojanovi? M, Kump P, Satokari R, Sokol H, Arkkila P, PintusC, Hart A, Segal J, Aloi M, Masucci L, Molinaro A, Scaldaferri F, Gasbarrini G, Lopez-Sanroman A, LinkA, de Groot P, de Vos WM, H?genauer C, Malfertheiner P, Mattila E, Milosavljevi? T, Nieuwdorp M,Sanguinetti M, Simren M, Gasbarrini A; European FMT Working Group. European consensus conferenceon faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut 2017; 66: 569-580 [PMID: 28087657 DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313017]

5 Millan B, Laffin M, Madsen K. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Beyond Clostridium difficile. CurrInfect Dis Rep 2017; 19: 31 [PMID: 28770495 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-017-0586-5]

6 Halkj?r SI, Christensen AH, Lo BZS, Browne PD, Günther S, Hansen LH, Petersen AM. Faecal

microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results from arandomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut 2018; 67: 2107-2115 [PMID: 29980607 DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316434]

7 Johnsen PH, Hilpüsch F, Cavanagh JP, Leikanger IS, Kolstad C, Valle PC, Goll R. Faecal microbiotatransplantation versus placebo for moderate-to-severe irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind,randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:17-24 [PMID: 29100842 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30338-2]

8 Bajaj JS, Kassam Z, Fagan A, Gavis EA, Liu E, Cox IJ, Kheradman R, Heuman D, Wang J, Gurry T,Williams R, Sikaroodi M, Fuchs M, Alm E, John B, Thacker LR, Riva A, Smith M, Taylor-Robinson SD,Gillevet PM. Fecal microbiota transplant from a rational stool donor improves hepatic encephalopathy: Arandomized clinical trial. Hepatology 2017; 66: 1727-1738 [PMID: 28586116 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29306]

9 Tian H, Ding C, Gong J, Ge X, McFarland LV, Gu L, Wei Y, Chen Q, Zhu W, Li J, Li N. Treatment of Slow Transit Constipation With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: A Pilot Study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50: 865-870 [PMID: 26751143 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000472]

10 Lee JR, Magruder M, Zhang L, Westblade LF, Satlin MJ, Robertson A, Edusei E, Crawford C, Ling L,Taur Y, Schluter J, Lubetzky M, Dadhania D, Pamer E, Suthanthiran M. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and diarrhea in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2019; 19: 488-500 [PMID: 29920927 DOI:10.1111/ajt.14974]

11 Logan C, Beadsworth MB, Beeching NJ. HIV and diarrhoea: what is new? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016; 29:486-494 [PMID: 27472290 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000305]

12 Gerassy-Vainberg S, Blatt A, Danin-Poleg Y, Gershovich K, Sabo E, Nevelsky A, Daniel S, Dahan A, Ziv O, Dheer R, Abreu MT, Koren O, Kashi Y, Chowers Y. Radiation induces proinflammatory dysbiosis:transmission of inflammatory susceptibility by host cytokine induction. Gut 2018; 67: 97-107 [PMID: 28438965 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313789]

13 Cui B, Li P, Xu L, Zhao Y, Wang H, Peng Z, Xu H, Xiang J, He Z, Zhang T, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Ji G, Zhang F. Step-up fecal microbiota transplantation strategy: a pilot study for steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 2015; 13: 298 [PMID: 26363929 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0646-2]

14 Cui B, Feng Q, Wang H, Wang M, Peng Z, Li P, Huang G, Liu Z, Wu P, Fan Z, Ji G, Wang X, Wu K, Fan D, Zhang F. Fecal microbiota transplantation through mid-gut for refractory Crohn's disease: safety, feasibility, and efficacy trial results. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30: 51-58 [PMID: 25168749 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12727]

15 Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ. Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1986; 326: 1-37 [PMID: 3458353]

16 Sarker SA, Ahmed T, Brüssow H. Persistent diarrhea: a persistent infection with enteropathogens or a gut commensal dysbiosis? Environ Microbiol 2017; 19: 3789-3801 [PMID: 28752952 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13873]

17 Battaglioli EJ, Hale VL, Chen J, Jeraldo P, Ruiz-Mojica C, Schmidt BA, Rekdal VM, Till LM, Huq L,Smits SA, Moor WJ, Jones-Hall Y, Smyrk T, Khanna S, Pardi DS, Grover M, Patel R, Chia N, Nelson H, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Clostridioides difficile uses amino acids associated with gut microbial dysbiosis in a subset of patients with diarrhea. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10: eaam7019 [PMID: 30355801 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7019]

18 Moayyedi P, Yuan Y, Baharith H, Ford AC. Faecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficileassociated diarrhoea: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Med J Aust 2017; 207: 166-172 [PMID: 28814204 DOI: 10.5694/mja17.00295]

19 Pratt CH, King LE, Messenger AG, Christiano AM, Sundberg JP. Alopecia areata. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3: 17011 [PMID: 28300084 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.11]

20 Simakou T, Butcher JP, Reid S, Henriquez FL. Alopecia areata: A multifactorial autoimmune condition. J Autoimmun 2019; 98: 74-85 [PMID: 30558963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.12.001]

21 Manolache L, Petrescu-Seceleanu D, Benea V. Alopecia areata and relationship with stressful events in children. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23: 107-109 [PMID: 18410331 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02748.x]

22 Manolache L, Benea V. Stress in patients with alopecia areata and vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21: 921-928 [PMID: 17659001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02106.x]

23 Picardi A, Pasquini P, Cattaruzza MS, Gaetano P, Baliva G, Melchi CF, Papi M, Camaioni D, Tiago A, Gobello T, Biondi M. Psychosomatic factors in first-onset alopecia areata. Psychosomatics 2003; 44: 374- 381 [PMID: 12954911 DOI: 10.1176/appi.psy.44.5.374]

24 Nakajima T, Inui S, Itami S. Pulse corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata: study of 139 patients. Dermatology 2007; 215: 320-324 [PMID: 17911990 DOI: 10.1159/000107626]

25 Yang CC, Lee CT, Hsu CK, Lee YP, Wong TW, Chao SC, Lee JY, Sheu HM, Chen W. Early intervention with high-dose steroid pulse therapy prolongs disease-free interval of severe alopecia areata: a retrospective study. Ann Dermatol 2013; 25: 471-474 [PMID: 24371395 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2013.25.4.471]

26 Penders J, Stobberingh EE, van den Brandt PA, Thijs C. The role of the intestinal microbiota in the development of atopic disorders. Allergy 2007; 62: 1223-1236 [PMID: 17711557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01462.x]

27 Scher JU, Ubeda C, Artacho A, Attur M, Isaac S, Reddy SM, Marmon S, Neimann A, Brusca S, Patel T, Manasson J, Pamer EG, Littman DR, Abramson SB. Decreased bacterial diversity characterizes the altered gut microbiota in patients with psoriatic arthritis, resembling dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67: 128-139 [PMID: 25319745 DOI: 10.1002/art.38892]

28 Song H, Yoo Y, Hwang J, Na YC, Kim HS. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii subspecies-level dysbiosis in the human gut microbiome underlying atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137: 852-860 [PMID: 26431583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.021]

29 Visser MJE, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9: 7 [PMID: 30778377 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00007]

30 Skogberg G, Jackson S, ?strand A. Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179: 102-110 [PMID: 28546083 DOI:

10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.008]

31 Safina DD, Abdulkhakov RA, Abdulkhakov SR, Odintsova AKh, Cheremina NA. [Clinical case of a combination of ulcerative colitis and alopecia areata]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2013; 92-96 [PMID: 24933997]

32 Treem WR, Veligati LN, Rotter JI, Targan SR, Hyams JS. Ulcerative colitis and total alopecia in a mother and her son. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1187-1191 [PMID: 8462807]

33 Patel KV, Farrant P, Sanderson JD, Irving PM. Hair loss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19: 1753-1763 [PMID: 23624889 DOI: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e31828132de]

34 Sobolewska-W?odarczyk A, W?odarczyk M, Fichna J, Wi?niewska-Jarosińska M. Alopecia areata in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: an overview. Folia Med Cracov 2016; 56: 5-12 [PMID: 27513834]

35 Ramos GP, Papadakis KA. Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94: 155-165 [PMID: 30611442 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.013]

36 Sartor RB, Wu GD. Roles for Intestinal Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi in Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterology 2017; 152: 327-339.e4 [PMID: 27769810 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.012]

37 Rapozo DC, Bernardazzi C, de Souza HS. Diet and microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut in disharmony. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 2124-2140 [PMID: 28405140 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2124]

38 Zempleni J, Hassan YI, Wijeratne SS. Biotin and biotinidase deficiency. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab2008; 3: 715-724 [PMID: 19727438 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.3.6.715]

39 Fernandez-Banares F, Abad-Lacruz A, Xiol X, Gine JJ, Dolz C, Cabre E, Esteve M, Gonzalez-Huix F, Gassull MA. Vitamin status in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84: 744-748 [PMID: 2500847]

40 Maslowski KM, Mackay CR. Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses. Nat Immunol 2011; 12: 5-9 [PMID: 21169997 DOI: 10.1038/ni0111-5]

41 Lieben L, Carmeliet G. Vitamin D signaling in osteocytes: effects on bone and mineral homeostasis. Bone 2013; 54: 237-243 [PMID: 23072922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.10.007]

42 Fraser DR, Kodicek E. Unique biosynthesis by kidney of a biological active vitamin D metabolite. Nature 1970; 228: 764-766 [PMID: 4319631 DOI: 10.1038/228764a0]

43 Singh P, Kumar M, Al Khodor S. Vitamin D Deficiency in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Exploring the Triad of Genetic Predisposition, the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System. Front Immunol 2019; 10: 1042 [PMID: 31134092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01042]

44 Thompson JM, Mirza MA, Park MK, Qureshi AA, Cho E. The Role of Micronutrients in Alopecia Areata: A Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2017; 18: 663-679 [PMID: 28508256 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-017-0285-x]

45 Tsai TY, Huang YC. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78: 207-209 [PMID: 29241789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.07.051]

46 Lee S, Kim BJ, Lee CH, Lee WS. Increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32: 1214-1221 [PMID: 29633370 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14987]

47 Chen CH, Sakai Y, Demay MB. Targeting expression of the human vitamin D receptor to the

keratinocytes of vitamin D receptor null mice prevents alopecia. Endocrinology 2001; 142: 5386-5389 [PMID: 11713240 DOI: 10.1210/endo.142.12.8650]

48 Xie Z, Komuves L, Yu QC, Elalieh H, Ng DC, Leary C, Chang S, Crumrine D, Yoshizawa T, Kato S, Bikle DD. Lack of the vitamin D receptor is associated with reduced epidermal differentiation and hair follicle growth. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 118: 11-16 [PMID: 11851870 DOI:

10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01644.x]

49 Fawzi MM, Mahmoud SB, Ahmed SF, Shaker OG. Assessment of vitamin D receptors in alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15: 318-323 [PMID: 27151518 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12224]

50 Zhu W, Yan J, Zhi C, Zhou Q, Yuan X. 1,25(OH) 2D3 deficiency-induced gut microbial dysbiosis degrades the colonic mucus barrier in Cyp27b1 knockout mouse model. Gut Pathog 2019; 11: 8 [PMID: 30828386 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0291-z]

51 Waterhouse JC, Perez TH, Albert PJ. Reversing bacteria-induced vitamin D receptor dysfunction is key to autoimmune disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173: 757-765 [PMID: 19758226 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04637.x]

52 Appleyard CB, Cruz ML, Isidro AA, Arthur JC, Jobin C, De Simone C. Pretreatment with the probiotic VSL#3 delays transition from inflammation to dysplasia in a rat model of colitis-associated cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301: G1004-G1013 [PMID: 21903764 DOI:

10.1152/ajpgi.00167.2011]

53 Mukherji A, Kobiita A, Ye T, Chambon P. Homeostasis in intestinal epithelium is orchestrated by the circadian clock and microbiota cues transduced by TLRs. Cell 2013; 153: 812-827 [PMID: 23663780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.020]

54 Hvas CL, Dahl J?rgensen SM, J?rgensen SP, Storgaard M, Lemming L, Hansen MM, Erikstrup C, Dahlerup JF. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Superior to Fidaxomicin for Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 1324-1332.e3 [PMID: 30610862 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.019]

55 Chen D, Wu J, Jin D, Wang B, Cao H. Fecal microbiota transplantation in cancer management: Current status and perspectives. Int J Cancer 2019; 145: 2021-2031 [PMID: 30458058 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32003]

56 Borody T, Fischer M, Mitchell S, Campbell J. Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal disease: 2015 update and the road ahead. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9: 1379-1391 [PMID: 26414076 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1086267]

57 Xie WR, Yang XX, Xia HHX, He XX. Fecal microbiota transplantation for treating hepatic

encephalopathy: Experimental and clinical evidence and possible underlying mechanisms. J Explor Res Pharmacol 2018; 3: 119-124 [DOI: 10.14218/JERP.2018.00017]

58 Ooijevaar RE, Terveer EM, Verspaget HW, Kuijper EJ, Keller JJ. Clinical Application and Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Annu Rev Med 2019; 70: 335-351 [PMID: 30403550 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-111717-122956]

59 Rebello D, Wang E, Yen E, Lio PA, Kelly CR. Hair Growth in Two Alopecia Patients after Fecal Microbiota Transplant. ACG Case Rep J 2017; 4: e107 [PMID: 28932754 DOI: 10.14309/crj.2017.107]

60 Pandhi D, Khanna D. Premature graying of hair. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013; 79: 641-653 [PMID: 23974581 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.116733]

61 Kuty-Pachecka M. Psychological and psychopathological factors in alopecia areata. Psychiatr Pol 2015; 49: 955-964 [PMID: 26688846 DOI: 10.12740/pp/39064]

62 Groen RN, de Clercq NC, Nieuwdorp M, Hoenders HJR, Groen AK. Gut microbiota, metabolism and psychopathology: A critical review and novel perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 55: 283-293 [PMID: 29673295 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1463507]


附件2 英文的全文链接

https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v7/i19/3074.htm


洗涤菌群移植(washed microbiota transplantation, WMT)

广东药科大学附属第一医院消化内科自成立微生态治疗中心以来,截止于2022年4月30日,完成WMT 6200 人次,其中前十病种分别为:功能性胃肠病1693人次、儿童自闭症1871人次、炎症性肠病635人次、胃食管反流病420人次、非酒精性脂肪肝性肝病178人次、肝硬化失代偿期132人次、肠道菌群失调369人次、痛风137人次、2型糖尿病403人次以及皮肤类疾病(银屑病、荨麻疹、过敏性皮炎、特应性皮炎和湿疹)120人次,均获得了满意的临床疗效。利用洗涤微生物群移植可以治疗本器官(肠道微生物群这个特殊的器官)结构及功能受损诱发的相关疾病,不仅在动物实验中获得了成功,而且在临床上也取得了满意的疗效。

本中心开展的WMT处于国际领先地位,先后接收Rebiotix和Ferring研究所、北京阜外医院、湖北省中医院、成都中医药大学附属医院、南方医科大学附属珠江医院等25家医院参观及进修学习,并对其进行临床洗涤菌群移植指导,使其成功建立了菌群移植临床应用与研究基地,同时作为区域救援中心,向救援合作单位中山大学附属第一医院、广州医科大学第一附属医院、广州医科大学第二附属医院、暨南大学附属红十字会医院、内蒙古鄂温克旗医院等12个单位进行了洗涤菌群移植救援工作,并得到了一致的好评。

*图源网络

声明:

原创内容(含文章、图片等)非经许可禁止转载,否则将追究法律责任。如需转载,请在后台留言联系我们,转载时须在显要位置注明来源。

内容底部广告位(手机)
标签:

管理员
草根站长管理员

专注网站优化+网络营销,只做有思想的高价值网站,只提供有担当的营销服务!

上一篇:法国护肤品(法国护肤品和日本护肤品哪个好)
下一篇:返回列表