fail和lose用法辨析

① fail通常有底下几种用法。

（1）表现“失败”，fail是不及物动词，后不成跟宾语。

His plan failed. 他的方案失败了。

She did her best but she failed at last. 她尽了最大积极，但是最初照旧失败了。

（2）表现“不及格，没经过（测验）”，fail常用作及物动词，后跟exam，maths，English等学科名词。

She failed the exam. 那次测验她不及格。

He failed the maths exam again. 他数学测验又没有及格。

She failed Chinese. 她语文测验不及格。

“某学科测验不及格”也可用“fail in+学科名词”表现。

She failed chemistry. 她化学测验不及格。

（3）fail to do sth. 表现“没有做某事，没有可以做某事。

He failed to swim across the river. 他没能游过这条河。

She failed arriving on time.

She failed to arrive on time.

她没有定时抵达。

② not/never fail to do相当于cannot but do，be sure to do，意为“务必，必需，一定”，要注意译法。

If you pass the entrance examination，don't fail to phone me. 假如你经过了开学测验，务必给我打电话。

She never fails to attain her goal. 她一定会到达目标。

③ lose为及物动词，后接match，game，battle，war，case等。别的，表现“被……打败”或“输给……”时，常用be beaten by sb. 或be defeated by sb.。

Class A was defeated by Class B in the game. A班在比赛中输给了B班。