点滴积累丨8个有“心”的英语表达
今天分享几个与“心”有关的表达，以及它们背后的文化内涵。
心，heart，总是和一些强烈炙热的情绪联系在一起，也许你看完也能记得格外清晰吧。
By heart
牢记，熟记
If you know something by heart, you’ve learned it so well you know it from memory, maybe even word for word.
如果你know something by heart，说明你记忆深处对其非常熟悉，甚至一字一句都记得。
For example, in “Anne of Green Gables” the title character loves Tennyson’s poem “The Lady of Shalott” so much that she knows it by heart.
例如，在《绿屋的安妮》一书中，女主人公很喜欢诗人丁尼生的《夏洛特夫人》，所以把这首诗牢记在心里。
This term, which surfaced in English in the late 1300s, likely comes from the Old French phrase par coeur which literally translates to “by heart.”
这个表达十四世纪末出现在英语中，可能来自古法语词汇 par coeur，字面上翻译的意思就是 “用心”。
To your heart’s content
尽情地，心满意足地
If you do somethingto your heart’s content or desire, you do that thing until you are satisfied.
如果你尽情地做某事，就是把那件事做到你满意为止。
Shakespeare was fond of this construction which dates from the early modern period of literature.
它出现在现代文学早期，莎士比亚很喜欢这个表达。
When the phrase first entered English, “to your heart’s content” was sometimes used without “heart.” Things could be done “to your content” back in the 1600s, though that trend died out within 50 years.
这个词汇刚开始在英语中使用时，有时可以省去 “heart”一词，十七世纪，人们可以用 “to your content” 表达同样的意思，不过这种用法在五十年内就消失了。
Eat your heart out
嫉妒去吧；悲伤至极
You might yell the slightly morbid phrase “Eat your heart out!” to someoneto induce jealousy.
你可能会对某人喊出这个有点变态的表达“Eat your heart out!（羡慕死你）”，来激起他的嫉妒心。
For example, a pop star preparing for a performance might look in the mirror, and liking what he sees, jauntily tip his head and shout “Eat your hearts out, fans!”
例如，一个正在准备演出的明星，看着镜子，非常满意，得意地扬起头，喊出一句“跪舔吧，粉丝们！”
This phase can also refer towhen sorrow or longing dominates your emotions.
这个表达也可以指你的情感被悲伤和渴望占据。
For example, losing a race that you really, really wanted to win might cause you toeat your heart out, orwallow in grief.
例如，输了一场你非常非常想赢的比赛，所以你特别伤心，沉湎于悲伤。
Have your heart in your mouth
心悬在嗓子眼上，极度紧张
Anothermacabre expression, have your heart in your mouth, refers to a heightened state of anxiety or fear.
这又是一个骇人的词组，是的指一种极度焦虑和害怕的状态。
There are many things that mightbring your heart all the way up to your mouth, figuratively speaking, including spiders, clowns, and deeply shadowed alleyways.
有很多事情可能把你的心提到嗓子眼上，当然这是比喻说法，比如，蜘蛛，小丑和幽深黑暗的小巷子。
In The Hitchhiker’s “Guide to the Galaxy”, Zaphod Beeblebrox owns a pair of sunglasses that darken to completely obscure the wearer’s vision whenheart-in-mouth inducing sightsappear.
在希区柯克的《银河系漫游指南》里赞福德有一副太阳镜，当出现让人悬心的景象出现的时候，它能够完全遮挡佩戴者视线。
Cross your heart
发誓
If you verbally cross your heart, you do it to maintain the truth of what you just said.
如果你口头上表示在胸前画十字，是为了证明你说的是话是事实。
You can take this one step further by adding “and hope to die” on to the end of your first utterance, as in “I didn’t eat the last cookie -cross my heart and hope to die.”
你也可以在后面加一句“不然不得好死”，例如“我没有吃那最后一块饼干，我发誓，我要是吃了不得好死。”
This expression, which has been used throughout the 20th century, derives from the religious practice of tracing a cross over the heart with a finger to signify a vow.
这个表达在二十世纪一直都很流行，它来源于宗教行为，用手指在心上划十字来象征发誓。
Wear your heart on your sleeve
感情外露，说出自己的感受
In Shakespeare’s Othello, Iago states: “I will wear my heart upon my sleeve / for daws to peck at.”
在莎士比亚的《奥赛罗》中，伊阿古说道：“我会敞开心扉，让鸟儿随意翻啄。”
But what exactly does this expression mean? The sense that Shakespeare evokes means to make your intimate feelings known to all, leaving yourself vulnerable to being emotionally hurt.
但是这个表达到底是什么意思呢？莎士比亚在这里想表达的意思是让所有人都知道你最私密的感情，而你会变得十分脆弱，很容易受情伤。
The phrase can also refer to the tendency to fall in love easily.
这个表达也可以指人非常容易陷入爱河。
Break someone’s heart
伤某人的心
If you break someone’s heart, you cause them great disappointment or sorrow.
如果你break someone’s heart，你会导致他们陷入极大的失望或伤心。
This often occurs in the realm of love, though heartbreak is not exclusive to romantic endeavors.
虽然经常用在爱情里，但是心碎也不是爱情独有的。
This expression has been describing sorrow and disappointment since at least the 1530s, though the term heartbreak is 200 years old.
虽然这个表达从十六世纪三十年代开始就用来表示悲伤失望，但是heartbreak这个词已经有200年历史。
To have the heart
有意志、狠下心做某事
Do you have the necessary will to do something? Yes? Great! Then you have the heart to do it.
你有做一件事情必要的意志和决心吗？有？太好了！那你就可以说你have the heart to do it。
People have been having heart for a long time now, since the 1300s.
从十四世纪开始，人们就开始用这个表达了。
On the other end, if you lack the required courage or callousness to do something, you don’t have the heart to do it.
另一方面，如果你缺乏必要的勇气和铁石心肠来做一件事，那也就是说，you don’t have the heart to do it（你狠不下心/不忍心这么做）。
Though this expression is more commonly used in the negative context, people still manage to somehow get things done. Perhaps they do this by taking heart, an expression meaning “to become encouraged”。
虽然这个表达更多用在否定意义的句子里，不过该做的事情还是做了。可能人们是拿出了勇气来做事情，也就是 “taking heart”，即鼓起勇气的意思。
