语法专辑（一）——名词--专项讲解与练习

第一讲 名词的分类

一、定义：表示人或物的名称的词叫做名词。

练习1 朗读下面句子，在名词下划线

1.Thosearegirls.Theyaremystudents.

2.Amyhasanewbag.Thebagisred.

3.Therearenotanybirdsonthetree.

4.Canyourfatherrideabike?

二、学习下面名词

人名：Jane,Betty,Alice,John,Paul,Dave,Robert

国家名：China,Australia,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdoms

城市名：Zhengzhou,Beijing,NewYork,Paris,London

地点名：theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theWestLake

第二讲 名词的数

一、可数名词

1.可数名词变复数的规则(_______________)

五种规则变化

<1>直接在词尾加“s”
eg.book__________table__________window__________

<2>以“__________________”结尾的可数名词，加“es”
eg.bus_________fox_________watch_________dish_________fish_________

<3>以“______________”结尾的可数名词，变y为i加es；以“______________”结尾的可数名词，直接加
seg.dictionary_________toy_________boy_________key_________

<4>以“f或fe”结尾的可数名词，变f或fe为________再加
___________eg.thief_________wife_________shelf_________leaf_________life_________

<5>以“o”结尾的可数名词，加“es”的，★记忆口诀：“英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”(
__________________________),其他的加“s”
eg.zoo_________kilo_________photo_________tomato_________hero_________

五种不规则变化

<1>一模一样型★记忆口诀：“一鹿一羊一条鱼”
deer_________sheep_________fish_______

<2>面目全非型★记忆口诀：孩子老鼠要牢记
mouse_________child_________

<3>变内部元音型★记忆口诀：a变e，一群人要牢；
man_______woman______policeman________Englishman__________oo变ee，鹅牙把脚嬉
foot_________tooth_________goose_________

<4>某国人的复数★记忆口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面
aChinese_________anEnglishman_________anAmerican_________aJapanese_________aFrenchman_________aGerman_________

<5>“复合名词”的复数由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词★记忆口诀：“前后都要变”：
mandoctor_________________womanteacher__________________由其他词构成的复合名词，★记忆口诀：“后变前不变”
appletree__________________boystudent__________________storybook_______________

练习2 一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1.class____2.watch____3.tomato_____4.knife____5.dictionary_________6.toy______7.orange______8.child_______9.foot_______10.policeman______11.Chinese______12.sheep_______13.plant_________14.photo_______15.Japanese______16.mouse_________17.deer_______18.half_______19.fox______20.baby_______

二、写出下列专有名词人名类：汤姆____________杰克___________爱丽丝___________玛丽___________姚明___________国名类：中国___________美国___________英国___________澳大利亚___________加拿大___________城市名：北京___________纽约___________伦敦___________巴黎___________郑州___________名胜：长城_________________________黄河______________________

三、填入名词的适当形式。

1.Wehave_________(pen).

2.Thisis______________(apple).

3.Whereisthe___________(pupil).

4.Theseare____________(watch).

5.Areyou_____________(teacher)?Yes,weare.

6.Hehassome___________(photo).

四、单项选择

()1.---Arethose______?---No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows

()2.Therearemany____inourcity.A.factorysB.factoriesC.factoryesD.factorys

()
3.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.（送进监狱）
A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs’

()4Therearetwo____andthree____willcometoourschoolnextweek.A.German;JapanesesB.Germany;JapanC.Germanys;JapansD.Germans;Japanese

()5.—What'sinthe____?—Therearesome____and____inthem.A.photos;potatoes;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radioesC.photoes;potatos;radiosD.photos;potatos;radios

()6.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.A.womenteachersB.womanteachersC.womenteacherD.woman’steacher

()7.Mymotherboughtme____lastSaturday.A.twotrousersB.twopairoftrousersC.twopairsoftrousersD.twopairstrousers

五、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Theseareher____(book).

2.Sheisa____(teacher).

3.Thosearehis____(orange).

4.Theyareyour____(photo).

5.These____(boy)are____(student).

6.Those____(box)areyellow.

7.These____(watch)arenew.

8.—WhatarethoseinEnglish?—Theyare____(apple).

9.Theseareher______(pen)andthosearehis____(pencil).

10.—Arethoseyour____(ruler)?—Yes,theyare.

二、不可数名词

1.常见的不可数名词有：water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange;fruit;air;snow;chalk,work;paper;time;music;weather;grass;news;information;advice;food;fish;coke;porridge;

★记忆口诀：“面包水果和桔汁，只有时间听音乐，新闻消息和建议，健康工作好天气”

注意：①不可数名词前不加a/an,后不加s

②可以修饰不可数名词的量词有：some;any;much;alotof或者...of短语

③问不可数名词多少用
howmuch-----Eg:1.Thereis________breadonthetable.A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many

2.Thereissome________ontheplate.A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer

3.of短语（
piece--__________________________________）eg.一张纸____________________一瓶桔汁________________三袋大米____________________六杯啤酒_______________________

练习3

()1.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?A.averygoodB.anyC.apieceofD.twopieces

()2.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads

()3.Iwon’tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.A.worksB.jobC.workD.working

()4.---Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?---I'dlike____.!A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken

()5.Thereissome________foryou.A.newsB.glassesC.newspapersD.sheep

名词的数

综合练习一、

用所给名词的适当形式填空：

1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?

2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.

3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.

4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.

5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.

6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?

7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.

8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.

9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.

10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.

11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).

12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.

13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof____(orange),please?

14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.

15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.

二、根据汉语提示用适当形式完成练习

1.Ihavealotof________(作业)todoeveryday.

2.His__________(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.

3.Itisthebestoneofthe_________(照片)inmyfamily.

4.Aretheybuildingany_________(图书馆)inthecity?

5.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo__________(半)?

6.Attheendof_____(八月),
youmustgetreadyforthenewschoolyear.

7.Treesareplantedinmostofthemountainv________.

8.Ilikea_______.It’sneitherhotnorcold.

9.T_______comesafterMonday.

第三讲 名词的格

一、表示有生命物的名词的所有格

1.单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词如果词尾没有s，也要加’s。迈克的刀子_________________男孩的书包________________男厕所_______________________儿童节________________________

2.若名词已有复数词尾s，只加’学生们的书包________________教师阅览室________________________教师节_______________________母亲节
__________________________

3.表两者共有的在后者加’sLucyandLily’sfather露西和莉莉的父亲表两者分别有的分别加’sLucy’sandLily’sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲

例如：这是汤姆和杰森共有的房间。
________________________________________这些是汤姆和杰森各自的房间。
____________________________________

二、表示无生命物的名词所有格

1.表示无生命物的名词所有格，用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系

Eg：thelegofthedesk桌子的腿themapofChina中国地图房间的窗户________________歌的名字________________家庭照片________________________

2.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加's来构成所有格。Beijing'sstreet北京的街道today'snewspaper今天的报纸tenminutes'walk十分钟的路程

练习4一、写出下列名名词和词组的所有格

1．asister______________2．aboy______________3．today______________4．ababy______________5．acamel______________6．men_______________7．birds______________8．twodays_____________9．JohnandMary（两人共有的）
_____________________________10．JohnandMary（两人各自所有的）
___________________________

二、用's,s'替换下列词组

1．thelegoftheboy______________2．thekeyofthegirl______________3．thetailofthecat_______________4．thefriendofmyfather's___________5．thetoysoftheboy_______________6．thesongsofthebirds____________7．theservantsofthequeen_________8．theshirtsofthemen_____________9．theviolinofthegirl______________10．thepenofJohn_________________

三、用’s或of填空

1.mymother________bag2.Tom________friend3.thedoor________ourroom4.postmen________bags5.theteacher_______bikes6.themap_______China

四、翻译练习

1.学生们的鞋____________________2.司机们的苹果____________________3.我哥哥的朋友们。
____________________________4.一张我家的旧照片
____________________________5.两张中国地图
_____________________________6.汤姆的和吉姆的书包
__________________________7.在他们教室的墙上
___________________________8.这对双胞胎的母亲_________________________