英语从句中which和as的用法归纳及比较
英语从句中which和as的用法总结及比力
在英语学习历程中,which和as引导的从句是一个很难把握的语法点。特别是which在引导名词从句和定语从句时和that的区别,引导非限订定语从句时和as的区别,以及as引导状语从句时和when,while,though等的区别。本文就which和as引导的从句用法作了体系的总结,并经过多量的例句举行比力、分析及分析,以便利各位的平常学习和英语研讨。
一、which引导名词从句的用法比力
which作为毗连代词,可以引导名词从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语等语法因素。that在引导名词从句时,只起毗连主句和从句的作用,其本身没有任何涵义,不翻译。比如:
(1)Which is better depends on these two clothes’ quality.
哪个更好取决于这两件衣服的质量。
(2)That Tony can’t swim is unbelievable.
托尼不会游泳是难以相信的。
(3)I don’t know which I should choose,because the red and the yellow are both beautiful.
我不晓得该选哪个,由于赤色和黄色都很标致。
(4)I think that you can do it better.
我想你可以做得更好。
从例句中我们可以看到,which和that都可以引导主语从句和宾语从句,但是在(1)句和(3)句中which在从句中分散作了主语和宾语因素,而在(2)句和(4)句中that在从句中不作任何因素,只起到毗连主句和从句的作用。
二、which引导定语从句的用法比力
which作为干系代词,可以引导定语从句,在从句中可以代替物作主语和宾语等语法因素。比如:
(5)This is the book which/that I bought last week.
这书是我上周买的。
(6)The clothes,which are over there,seem to have a good quality.
那边的衣服看起来质量不错。
从(5)句和(6)句中我们可以看到which可以引导限定性和非限定性定语从句,并分散在句中作宾语和主语因素。寻常情况下,that和which在引导定语从句中代替物时可以互用,但以下情况寻常要用which:非限定性定语从句中干系代词寻常要用which;干系代词前如有介词、干系代词须用which,如把介词移至动词后,可用that(或省略);假如先行词是that,干系代词使用which;
The true cost often differs from that which had first been projected
实践本钱常常与最初方案的有所不同。
The United States will do that which is necessary to meet its obligations to its own citizens
美国将为本人的人民尽其应尽的职责。
The faeces contain nitrogen and it is that which fertilises the desert soil.
粪便含氮,而正是氮可以肥化荒凉的土地。
"That which does not kill us makes us stronger."
"杀不死我们的东西会让我们更强壮。"
六级真题- 2015年 6月
如先行词和定语从句之间被别的较长的因素分开,常用which;在“those+复数情势的名词”布局中,自后的干系代词多用which;一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了干系代词that,第二个从句中的干系代词宜用which。但在平行布局中,应反复同一个干系代词。比如:
(7)She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honor.(which引导非限订定语从句)
她被授予了一枚金牌,举家人都以为这是一种莫大的荣誉。
(8)There’s only one issue about which they disagree.(which前有介词about)
仅有一个成绩他们不同意。
(9)This is the pen (that) she was looking for.(介词移至动词后)
这是她在找的钢笔。
(10)I have that which you gave me.(先行词是that)
我拥有的正是你所给我的。
(11)Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book.(先行词和干系代词相隔)
拉里给她讲了我在本书开头报告的谁人年轻飞行员的故事。
(12)A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(those+复数情势的名词)
市肆应该储存那些卖得最好的商品。
(13)This is the book that you bought which you have lost.(两个定语从句中)
这是你买的书,但你丢了。
(14)I have a house which is located on the hills,which faces the south.(平行布局中)
我有一所屋子,坐落在山上,朝南。
Not that the machine is out of order, but that I have not learned to operate it.
不是机器出了妨碍,而是我还没学会利用。(平行布局中)
三、as引导定语从句的用法比力
1.as作为干系代词可以引导限定性定语从句,主要用于such...as,the same...as,so...as,as...as等布局中。
比如:
(15)Let’s deal with such problems as concern us.
让我们来处理我们体贴的这些成绩。
(16)The purpose of the conductor is to transmit the electrical energy with as little loss as is practicable.
超导体的目标是以尽约莫小的斲丧传输电能。
(17)There are so many tickets available as are asked for.
票很富裕致使于可以满意必要。
(18)She wears the same watch as I do.(同一类)
她和我戴相反的表。
(19)This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.(同一个)
这就是我昨天丢的那一块手表。
在(15)句中,as指代such修饰的名词“problem”,并在从句中作主语因素;(16)句中,第二个as指代第一个as所修饰的“little loss”;(17)句中as指代so修饰的名词“tickets”;在(18)句中,as指代“the same”修饰的名词“clothes”,在从句中作宾语;此情况下不克不及用that和which来代替as引导定语从句。
比力:在(18)句中,as指代的先行词表同一类,重申品种一样。而在(19)中that指代的先行词固然也被“the same”修饰,但是此时先行词表现同一个。
2.as和which引导非限定性定语从句比力。
as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句,代替整个句子。但是具体使用办法是有区别的,请看底下的例句比力:
(20)As we known,Yao Ming is the most famous basketball player in China.
众所周知,姚明是中国最出名的篮球运倡导。
(21)The number of the people,as we had expected,was over three thousand.
正如我们所意料的,人数凌驾了三千人。
(22)The sun gives off light and warmth,which makes it possible for living creatures to grow.
太阳发射光和暖和,这使生物的生长成为约莫。
(23)She is very beautiful,which makes others jealous.
她很标致,这惹起他人的妒忌。
(24)She is very kind to the children,which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很好,而她的丈夫很少如此。
(25)He became a teacher,which I was not.
他成了一名教员,而我不是。
在(20)句中as放在了句首,所指代的内容就是后方的一句话“Yao Ming is the most famous basketball player in China”;(21)句as放在了句中,相反指代的是一句话“The number of the people was over three thousand”。从这两个例句中我们发觉as引导的从句和主句在内容上表现一律,大概说从句的内容是顺着主句的意思说下去的,有“就像”、“正如”之意。再看一下(22)句和(23)句,which的地点放在了句中,并且which引导的非限订定语从句是主句形成的一种后果。好比我们在翻译(22)句时可以如此了解:太阳开释出光和热,这使生物生长成为约莫;固然(23)句我们也可以如此翻译:她很标致,这使其他人和妒忌。从(24)句和(25)句我们还可以看到which引导非限定性定语从句的另一种用法,即which引导的非限订定语从句与主句内容不一律,或起对峙、否定干系。
四、as引导状语从句的用法比力
1.as,when和while作为连词引导时间状语从句的比力。
若主、从句表现两个同时举行的持续性举措,且重申主句表现的举措一连到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用while。但是,若主、从句表现的两个同时举行的举措含有“一边……一边”的意思,通常要用as。比如:
(26)Don’t talk while you’re eating.
用饭时不要语言。
(27)I kept silent while she was reading.
她念书时我坚持沉默。
(28)She sang as she went along.
她边走边唱。
若从句是一个暂时性举措,而主句是一个持续性举措,寻常用when。假如主、从句表现的是两个同时(或几乎同时)产生的暂时性举措,寻常要用as。比如:
(29)When he came in,I was watching TV.
他过来的时分,我正在看电视。
(30)It was raining hard when he arrived.
他抵达时雨下得很大。
(31)I had guessed it just as you opened your mouth.
你刚启齿我就猜到了。
若要表现两个正在提高厘革的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,寻常用as。表现“每当……的时分”(表现一种纪律性),寻常要用when。比如:
(32)Situations are getting better and better as time goes on.
随着时间的推移,情况越来越好。
(33)As it grew darker,it became colder.
天越黑,就越冷。
(34)It’s warm when sun shines.
阳光芒媚的时分天气很暖和。
(35)He smiled when I praised him.
当我歌颂他时,他笑了。
2.as,though和although作为连词引导让步状语从句的比力。
as引导让步从句时,句子必需倒装。常把被重申的作表语的形貌词、名词及作状语的副词放句首,偶尔乃至把谓语动词放句首。though引导让步状语时,句子可以倒装(倒装办法和as一样)也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语时,只能用正常语序,不克不及倒装。底下我们看一下例句(36)―(39):
(36)Poor as/though they are,they are very ambitious.
只管他们很穷,但他们雄心勃勃。
(37)Child as/though he is,his behavior seems mature.
只管他照旧个孩子,但他的举动仿佛很成熟。
(38)Hard as/though he worked,he didn’t pass the exam.
只管他积极,但他没有经过测验。
(39)Try hard as/though he will,he is not successful.
只管他会积极,但他并不告捷。
3.as,because,since和for作为连词引导缘故状语从句比力。
because引导缘故状语从句时语气最强,常表现一定的因果干系,从句是全句的重心,它引导的从句寻常放在主句的后方,并且回复以why惹起的特别疑问句;as只分析寻常的因果干系,语气比because弱,分析比力分明的缘故,它引导的从句通常放在句首,常意为“由于”;since意为“既然”,表现对方以前知晓,无需加以分析的缘故或内幕(偶尔为理应云云的内幕或格言、谚语等),语气比because稍弱,全句重点落在主句上;for是并列连词,它的语气最弱,常用来增补分析来由或提供一种表明,寻常放在句中,重申“来由”。底下我们看一下例句再一次举行比力。
(40)He is absent today because he is ill.
他今天出席是由于他病了。
(41)As everyone has arrived,we can set off now.
各位都到了,我们如今可以动身了。
(42)I’ll do it for you since you are busy.
既然你很忙,我就帮你做。
(43)We must leave now,for the film begins at seven.
我们如今必需分开,由于影戏七点开头。
4.as引导的办法状语从句用法。
as,(just) as...so...引导的办法状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as...so...布局中位于句首,这时as从句带有比如的涵义,意思是“正如”、“就像”,多用于正式文体,比如:
(44)I shall do the exercises as you have been taught.
我将依照你所传授的做练习。
(45)As water is to fish,so air is to man.
水之于鱼,氛围之于人。
(46)Just as we sweep our rooms,so we should sweep old ideas from our heads.
就像我们打扫房间一样,我们也应该扫除头脑中的旧头脑。
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