保藏贴丨英文presentation实用本事+隧道表达全汇总
列位小伙伴出国留学后，
presentation是上课的必备武艺，
今天Vicky带各位学习
怎样完善搞定presentation!
超等实用的发起，
抓紧学习啦！
#学问分享官#
※ 四天搞定Presentation
搞定presentation的第一步就是先方案用几天来完成准备事情；
Vicky发起最少在正式发言的前4天举行准备，云云才干富裕的准备质料及练习，终极可以自傲并流利地发言。
将必要准备的内容分析为几个小职责，并区分哪一天必要完成哪一局部。
Day 1 阅读并研讨发言时必要用到的基本质料
先略读一下文本质料，然后再举行过细的分析，标注一些紧张的论点以及干系报告。
文老实析很紧张，它可以使你了解报告的全体框架以及你将要表达的主题。
如下所示：
Should machines be used to do good and services instead humans? I believe they should not for many reasons. Machines can not be smart unless a human is controling it. So it would not matter if its an intelligent machine or not a human is still controlling it to do everything.
When using a machine it could easily malfunction and it could be hard to fix the problem or it will just take a while to fix it. If a human is taking over instead of the machine there may be fewer problems. Machines have so many problems that it would not be worth having.
Also, the more machines you have the less jobs there are for people because everyone thinks it would be better to have machines instead of people. When less people are out of work that means less money for those people and sometimes they will lose their homes or cars because they can not afford anything.
Sometimes working with machines can be very stressful because they may not work at times or they could be running extremely slow and won’t get anything done. Machines are not smart at all, only when people are controlling them they are but not all the time. It may seem smart but its really not.
In conclusion, I think machines should not be used to take over a human job because machines can not think only humans can think and make right or wrong decisions. Machines do not have brains, their not wired to think so why have them do stuff that we can do ourselves.
一定要确保本人了解要讲的基本内容，
不然就会整段垮掉!
分析文本时，可借助外部资源或帮助东西，如网络搜刮干系背景材料和故事，进一步完满对主题的熟悉和了解。
举个栗子，
假如碰到拿禁绝意思的词，一定要查字典，并仔细研讨主题，没有什么比在发言时连本人都不熟悉、讲不出来谁人词条的意思，招致磕磕巴巴而更为难的事变了！！！
然后再开头创造性地打造属于本人作风的presentation！
Day 2 动手准备发言的内容大纲
这正是体现你创造力的场合，了解质料的大抵内容后，你就可以自在地决定依照什么排序来报告不同的看法和条件以及以什么办法来表明看法，好比正式地报告主题的界说or 举一些干系的例子。
如下图所示：
Introduction
Asking a leading question. ; relay something enticing about the subject in a manner that commands attention. Start with a related quote,alluring description or narrition.
Body
A. First point,Assertion，Explanation
1.Supporting evidence(examples, facts,statistics,details, reasons
2. Supporting evidence
B. Second explanation
1.Support
2.Support
C. Third explanation
1.Support
2. Support
D. Fourth explanation(continue as above with additional explanations as needed. )
1.Support
2.Support
E. Your proposal (if applicable)
F. Address opposing viewpoints
Closing
Showing how explanations (causes) are logical reasons producing the effects discussed; review subject X and subject Y ; reiterate your assertion and proposition(if applicable). Reemphasize your thesis in a fresh way, showing how your have achieved your purpose. If you intend to draw to a conclusion about one subject over the other, emphasize that point.
A. Deal with opposing views unless done above in Secion F.
B. Appeal to the reader to see how your have come to a logical conclusion .
C. Make a memorable final statement.
Day 3 正式草拟最初的发言稿
将主要内容在电脑上敲下去，如此有什么新的想法时可以随时添加。
尽力使本人的发言稿内容丰厚并且深化，每一段标注序号；
别的再订定一个简便提要，提要的内容就是每一段的主题。
在演讲时，可以把提要放在跟条件示本人，确保发言的顺畅。
假如忘了提要上某个主题的具体在讲什么，可以依据提要上主题的序号找到发言稿上的对应段落，激活本人的影象！
如下图所示：
Outline
1.The sociality of translation
2.The cultural attribute of transaltion
3. Sign conversation of translation
4. The creativity of transaltion
5. The historical attribute of translation
Day4 练习发言稿
如今文老实析很完备，你也很清晰发言的全体布局，唯一要做的就是确保本人能不脱漏紧张的点，准确流利地展现出来。
练习发言时，发起设置一个闹钟，你可以依据发言稿长度设定约莫时间，也可以依据本人能在多长时间内完备地论述内容来设定。
使用计时器可以确保你快速地报告看法，从而彰显发言的流利度。
发言不要太长！不然会丢失同砚们或教师的注意力，
也不要太短！如此约莫会无法准确完备地转达主题内容。
使用计时器并大声论述的另一利益是可以推断发言稿哪一局部是有效的，哪一局部是多余的。假如你发觉哪一局部信息是没有必要的大概很无聊，直接减掉，如此做寻常会缩减20%的篇幅！
※ 克制发言的恐惊感
很多童鞋对Vicky倾吐，
由于英语不是母语，
在发言时总是很告急，
恐惧出错闹笑话，
有的小伙伴乃至
一上讲台就大脑缺氧
恶心吐逆.......
Vicky 偷偷报告你一些法门，
拯救这些为难症状，
自傲嗨翻全场！
公开发言恐惊症（glossophobia）是美国第一恐惊症，也就是绝大大多人都有"病"，就连很多名士，如美国总统托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)、圣雄甘地（Gandhi）都曾蒙受困扰，以是小伙伴们不要过多地给本人悲观表现，一味地打击本人。
底下来看一段女神艾玛·沃森（Emma Watson）在团结国的He For She演讲：
我们可以看到，女神刚开头也是很告急的，语速略微有点快，但之后就越来越自傲了。
假如仔细察看，你会发觉女神用了“警惕机”来克制本人的告急。
比如控制呼吸、中止、放缓语速、重申一局部词汇等等。
以是告急并不是无药可救，
童鞋们不要躲避，
要积极地使用一些办法来消弭这些停滞，
仍然做回美美的本人！
Step1 轻松本人，控制呼吸
各位可以一同做底下2个练习：
Exercise 1 学会轻松
实验想象一个可以让你感受轻松的场景，给本人一种画面感，一旦你可以很熟习地追念这个场景，下场前就可以把本人带到这个场景中，使本人宁静下去。
Exercise 2 熟习发言园地
生疏未知屡屡会带来告急感，因此要事先熟习一下本人要发言的场合，在园地中到处走动并排演一下大声发言，让你的声响充溢整个空间。
Step2 做好keynote
很多童鞋容易忘词，一忘词就愈加告急了。事先做好Keynote，可以让本人理清整个发言逻辑和架构，即使忘词，也能依据紧张提示圆归来回头。
Step3 排演“台本”，把控发言细节
在发言前，可以把下场时要说的每一句话、要做的每一个举措写出来，标注在稿子上，比如标注挪动、在什么场合举行重申或中止、手势和互动的时间等。
带着肢体举措和心情举行排演，可以推敲用词是不是充足白话化、言语作风适不合适本人等。
※ 积累实用英文表达
学了那么多“战略”，
在具体的发言中，
还必要把握一些“套话”，
协助你更好滴转达看法，
总之，要hold全场，
这些话必需说得666！
（以下内容整理自网络）
开头白
? 在正式场合做Presentation, 必要盛大一点的开头白：
◆Ladies and gentlemen. It's an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience.
◆Good morning, everyone. I appreciate the opportunity to be with you today. I am here to talk to you about…
◆ I am delighted/pleased/glad to have the opportunity to present/of making this presentation...
? 假如是轻松场合，则可以随意一些：
◆ I'm glad you could all get there.
◆ Hello again, everybody. Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
概述
开头白说完后，就该简便先容发言的主要内容、时长以及你准备怎样回复成绩。
? 惹起听众的兴致
◆I'm going to be speaking about something that is vitally important to all of us.
◆My presentation will help solve a problem that has puzzled people for years...
◆At the end of this presentation you will understand why this company has been so successful for so long...
◆I am going to be talking about a product that could double your profit margins...
◆the next ten minutes will change your attitude to sales and marketing...
◆Over the next ten minutes you are going to hear about something that will change the way your companies operate...
◆By the end of this presentation you will know all there is to know about...
?主题
◆The subject of my presentation is...
◆I shall be speaking today about...
◆My presentation concerns...
◆ Today's topic is...
◆Today we are here to give a presentation on...
? 发言长度
◆During the next ten minutes, I shall...
◆ My presentation will last for about ten minutes...
◆I know that time is short, so I intend to keep this brief
◆ I have a lot to cram in to the next ten minutes, so I'd better make a start...
?提要
◆There are five main aspects to this topic (...the first, ... the second, ...a third, ...another, ... the final)
◆We all ought to be aware of the following points.
◆I would like to divide my talk into two parts. The first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...
? 接待发问
◆Don't hesitate to interrupt if you have a question.
◆If you have any questions, I will be pleased to answer them at the end of the presentation.
◆I'd be glad to answer any questions at the end of the my talk.
主体局部
? 在发言中，时不时地提示你所讲的内容和他们的优点、兴致亲密干系。
◆As I said at the beginning...
◆As you remember, we are concerned with......
◆This ties in with my original statement...
◆This relates directly to the question I put to yu before......
? 确保观众跟上你的思绪
你所讲的内容关于观众是生疏的，因此当你转到下一个点时，你要经过一些表达来提示观众知晓。
◆I'd now like to move on to...
◆I'd like to turn to...
◆Now I'd like to look at...
◆This leads to me next point...
◆we all ought to be aware of the following points...
? 引导观众看PPT
经心制造的PPT，固然要好好滴先容给观众：
◆This graph shows you...
◆Take a look at this ....
◆If you look at this, you will see.....
◆This chart illustrates the figures......
◆As you can see .....
This clearly shows......
总结语
展现的最初，做个总结并反复一下所讲的要点。
◆I hope this has given you some idea/clear idea/an outline of......
◆I hope I've managed to give you a clearer picture of...
◆In conclusion, I'd like to...
◆I'd like to finish by...
◆I hope you have found this useful....
◆That concludes our presentation...
◆That brings me to the end of my presentation. I've talked about....
挑唆观众发问
? 感激各位，并约请他们发问
◆You have bee a very attentive audience.Thank you.
◆Thank you for listening-and now if there are any questions, I would be pleased to answer them.
◆Thank for your attention,I'd be glad to answer any questions you might have.
? 重述一下成绩，一方面可以确认本人对否了解了成绩，另一方面可以给本人时间来思索。
◆Thank you.So you would like further clarification on our strategy?
◆That's an interesting question. How we are going to get voluntary redundancy?
◆Thank you for asking. What's our plan for next year?
? 回复终了后，确认发问者对否满意。
◆Does this answer your question?
◆I hope this explains the situation for you .
◆I hope this was what you wanted to hear!
? 假如不晓得怎样回复，就说不晓得，供认无知要比妄自推测要好！
◆That's an interesting question，I don't actually know off the top of my head(一时地）,but I'll try to get back to you later with an answer.
◆I'm afraid I'm unable to answer that at the moment. Perhaps I can get back to you later.
◆That's a good question. However, we don't have any figures on that, so I can't give you an accurate answer.
◆ Unfortunately, I'm not the best person to answer that.
碰到种种情况
? 观众没听懂？重新表述一下刚刚说的话。
◆Let me just say that in another way.
◆Perhaps I can rephrase that.
◆Put it another way, this means......
? 用声响来体现
声响不克不及太单调，观众会厌倦，语速不克不及太快，观众会走神。
经过语速和语气的厘革，有助于捉住观众的注意力。
重申重点词语，在得当的场合中止。
The first strategy involves getting to know our market/ and finding out what they want./ Customer surveys/ as well as staff training/ will help us do this.
总之，
关于群众场合发言这件事呢，
Vicky仅有一句话：
Don't be shy,have a plan, just try!
列位小伙伴，
关于presentation有什么疑问
接待批评区留言哦！
