explain(pedestrian)

初中语法24讲 第10讲 助动词和情态动词

第 份

初中语法讲义

助动词&情态动词

年 月 日



第10章 助动词和情态动词

在英语中,助动词一般都无具体意义,主要包括:be,have,do,will和shall,而情态动词有具体的词义,但是它们都不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。本章从情态动词(如can,may,must等)的用法讲解入手,再深入到句子,如对Will you...和Shall I...等句型的解析。

典型例句:1.He is listening to music.(他正在听音乐。)

典型例句:2.I can speak English fluently.(我会讲一口流利的英语。)

1.助动词和情态动词

1.助动词和情态动词的定义

在英语中,助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态、构成疑问及否定形式或加强语气。情态动词与助动词不同,它有词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。另外重要的一点是情态动词没有人称和数的变化,其后必须跟动词原形

His brother doesn’t like playing basketball.(他哥哥不喜欢打篮球。)(表示否定)

I did go to see him,but he wasn’t in.(我确实去看望他了,但他不在家。)(加强语气)

Have you seen the film?(你看这部电影了吗?)(表示时态)

?)Maria types well.(×)Maria cans type well.

?)Maria can type well.(×)Maria can types well.(玛丽亚打字打得很好。)

说明:当主语是第三人称单数(如Maria)时,can的后面不能加s;也不能在行为动词后加s,必须用动词原形

2.助动词和情态动词的种类

(1)助动词的种类

A.be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)

助动词be与现在分词结合,可以构成进行时态(参见(第13章 动词的进行时));与过去分词结合,可以构成被动语态(参见(第16章 被动语态))。

Carl is playing badminton with Linda.(卡尔正在和琳达打羽毛球。)

Many people were killed in the 1976 Tangshan Earthquake.

(许多人在1976年的唐山地震中丧生。)

B.have(has,had,having)

助动词have与过去分词结合,可以构成完成时态(参见(第15章 动词的完成时))。

I have read today’s newspaper.(我已经读过今天的报纸了。)

Ketty has seen the Backstreet Boys in a concert in Beijing.

(凯蒂已在北京的一场音乐会上见过后街男孩了。)

C.shall(should),will(would)

助动词shall和will与动词结合,可以构成将来时(参见(第14章 动词的将来时))。

We shall be very happy to see you.(我们见到你会很高兴的。)

I will make Charlie a chocolate cake tomorrow.(我明天将为查理制作一块巧克力蛋糕。)

D.do(does,did)

助动词do与其他动词结合,可以构成否定句和疑问句。

I don’t like having a barbecue in hot weather.(我不喜欢在炎热的天气吃烧烤。)

Do you always forget to bring your bus card?(你经常忘记带公交卡吗?)

(2)情态动词的种类

英语的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,have to,will,would,shall,should,ought to,had better,need,dare等,用来表示请求、义务、劝告、推测、建议、征求对方意见或许可等。以下各节将重点讲述一些情态动词的用法。

2.can(could),may(might),must,need

can,may,must是三个最重要的情态动词,它们的基本句型如下所示:

肯定句:主语+can,may,must+动词原形+……

否定句:主语+can,may,must+not+动词原形+……

疑问句:Can,May,Must+主语+动词原形+……?

need也可以作情态动词,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

1.can,may,must的肯定句

Vince can speak English and a little German.(文斯会说英语和一点儿德语。)

There may be a shower,so bring an umbrella with you.(可能会有阵雨,带上伞吧。)

We must study hard.(我们必须努力学习。)

(1)can的肯定句

A.can表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能;会”,即有这种能力,尤指生下来就具备的能力。

Tommy can play the trumpet and draw pictures.(汤米会吹小号和画画。)

A robot can do many different things.(机器人能做许多不同的事情。)

They can do some shopping in Pedestrian Street of Nanjing Road.

(他们可以在南京路步行街购物。)

Butterflies can see more colours than human can.(蝴蝶比人类能看到更多的颜色。)

重要:当can表示能力时,may和must都不可以代替它。

B.can只有现在式can和过去式could,在表示其他时态时,可以用be able to来代替。

I could (=was able to)(过去时)send e-cards before having the computer lessons.

(在学计算机课之前我就会发送电子贺卡。)

He has been able to(现在完成时)make a homepage and do online shopping on the Internet.

(他已经会在互联网上制作主页和进行网上购物了。)

Perhaps people will be able to(将来时)live on the moon in the future.

(将来人们可能会在月球上生活。)

比较:be able to可用于各种时态

can/could表示能力时,可用be able to代替。can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态。

I can (=am able to) use the microwave oven and the toaster.(我会用微波炉和烤箱。)

(2)may的肯定句

may谈论可能性,表推测,译为“可能;也许”。may的过去式为might,一般用于肯定句。

I may go to Vienna one day.(将来有一天我可能去维也纳。)

He asked if he might leave fifteen minutes earlier.(他问他是否可以提前15分钟离开。)

(此句中的might是may的过去式)

You might like to buy a railcard to travel around the country.

(说不定你愿意买张火车优惠卡环游该国。)(might在这里表示推测,不表示过去时)

说明:might表示的可能性比may要小。

(3)must的肯定句

A.must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,译为“必须;应该”。

You must cut off the electricity before you change the bulb.(换灯泡前你应该切断电源。)

You must put the meat in the fridge in summer.(夏天你必须把肉放进冰箱里。)

You must climb mountains with a partner.(你必须和一位搭档一块儿爬山。)

补充:You must...句型

You must...句型的意思与祈使句相同。

You must turn left.=Turn left.(你必须向左转。)

B.must表示有把握的判断或推测,译为“一定;准是”,这种情况一般只用于肯定句中。

The hair band must belong to Carolyn.(这根发带一定是卡罗琳的。)

The notebook must be Kathy’s.It has her name on it.

(这个笔记本肯定是凯西的,上面有她的名字。)

(表示推测时,must的语气比may和might要肯定得多)

比较:must和have to的区别

must侧重于个人意愿和主观上的必要,have to侧重于客观上的必要。

I know I must study hard.(我知道我必须努力学习。)(句中强调个人意愿,应该用must)

The last bus has gone.We have to take a taxi.(末班车已经走了,我们只能乘出租车了。)

(句中表示客观情况,此时have to不能用must代替)

must只有一种形式,而have to则有较多的形式,可用于各种时态。如果must用于过去时态或将来时态时,则要用have to来代替。

My brother was badly ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

(我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。)(一般过去时)

I haven’t got any money with me,so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.

(我身上没有钱,只好向朋友借点儿了。)(一般将来时)

must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

He said that they must work hard.(他说他们必须努力工作。)

2.can,may,must的否定句

含有情态动词canmaymust的句子,只要在它们后面加上not,就变成了否定句。

I can not cook or play chess.(我不会烹饪和下象棋。)

You may not leave now.(你现在不可以走。)

You must not talk with food in your mouth.(嘴里有食物的时候不要说话。)

(1)can的否定句

can的否定式是can+not,一般写成cannot,缩写为can’t,读作[kɑ:nt],译为“不会;不能;不可能”。

She can’t play basketball.(她不会打篮球。)

He can’t be a bad man.(他不可能是坏人。)

(can表示怀疑或不肯定时,用于否定句及疑问句中)

He couldn’t be a bad man.(他不大可能是坏人。)

(could有时只表示怀疑、推测程度,不表示时态)

(2)may的否定句

may not也可以表示“不可以”,但单独使用的情况并不多,大多数情况下用于回答疑问句。

A:May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)

B:No,you may not.=No,you mustn’t.(不,你不可以进来。)

(3)must的否定句

must的否定式是must+not,缩写为mustn’t,读作[?m?snt],译为“不可以;一定不……”,表示强烈的语气。

You mustn’t smoke here.It’s too dangerous.(太危险了,你绝不能在这儿吸烟。)

You mustn’t switch it off.(你们不要把它关掉。)

They mustn’t take any book out of the room.(他们不可以从房间里拿走任何书。)

补充:You must not...句型

You must not...这一句型和否定的祈使句的意思一致。

You mustn’t break anything.=Don’t break anything.(千万不要打破东西。)

3.can,may,must的疑问句

Can I keep the file for future use?(我可以保存这份文件留做将来使用吗?)

May I close the door?(我可以把门关上吗?)

Must I carry so much water?(我一定要带这么多水吗?)

(1)can的否定句

疑问句型:Can+主语+动词原形+……?(……可以/会/能……吗?)

肯定回答:Yes,...can.(是的,……可以/会/能。)

否定回答:No,...can’t.(不,……不可以/不会/不能。)

A:Can you play the piano?(你会弹钢琴吗?)

B:Yes,I can.(是的,我会。)/No,I can’t.(不,我不会。)

Can I join the team?(我可以加入这个团队吗?)

Could they win the game?(他们可能赢这场比赛吗?)

(could在这里表示推测,不表示过去时)

2.may的疑问句

疑问句型:May+主语+动词原形+……?(……可以……吗?)

肯定回答:Yes,...may./Sure./Certainly.(是的,可以。)

否定回答:No,...may not.(不,……不可以。)/No,...mustn’t.(不,……绝对不可以。)

A:May I turn on the light?(我可以开灯吗?)

B:Yes,you may./Yes,please./Certainly./Sure.(是的,可以。/可以,请打开。/当然可以。/可以。)

B:No,you may not./I don’t think you can.(不,不行。/我想不行。)

A:May/Might I watch TV?(我可以看电视吗?)

B:Yes,sure.(当然可以。)/B:No,you mustn’t.(不,绝对不行。)(口气坚决)

补充:May...?句型还有下列回答方式:

Yes,of course.(是的,当然可以了。)/Yes,certainly.(是的,当然可以了。)/Sure.(当然。)

No,you must not.(不,不行。)(具有强烈禁止的意味)

No,you can’t.(不,不行。)(口语中多采用此句型)

比较:当表示请求许可时,can不如may正式。

Can I take your digital camera?

May I take your digital camera?(我可以用你的数码相机吗?)(比较正式的用法)

当表示请求许可时,couldcan更加客气,此时,could不表示过去时,只是使语气更加婉转。

Could/Can I go to the Ocean Park tomorrow,Mum?(妈妈,明天我可以去海洋公园吗?)

Could/Can we listen to music in the music room?(我们可以在音乐室听音乐吗?)

与can和could一样,有时为了使语气更加婉转一些,在疑问句中用might代替may,此时might不是过去式。

A:May/Might I ask a question now?(我现在可以问个问题吗?)

B:No,you may not./No,you’d better not.(不可以。/不,你现在最好别问。)

(3)must的疑问句

疑问句型:Must+主语+动词原形+……?(……必须……吗?)

肯定回答:Yes,...must.(是,必须……)

否定回答:No,...needn’t./...don’t have to.(不,不必了。)

A:Must I give the baby a bath now?(我现在必须给这个婴儿洗澡吗?)
B:Yes,you must.(是的,你必须。)

B:No,you needn’t./No,you don’t have to.(不,不必了。)

4.can,could,may,might,must表示推测

它们都可表示对发生或存在的事情的推测。这里could和might不是过去时,推测的语气不如can,may强;must表示推测时语气最强,意为“肯定,断定”。

(1)表示对现在及将来时态、动作的推测

A.当表示对现在及将来状态的推测时,一般用can/could,may/might,must+动词原形。

Monica can’t be in the classroom.(莫妮卡不可能在教室。)

You may come here whenever you like.(你想什么时候来就什么时候来。)

说明:表示现在或将来的可能性,可用may/might+动词原形,might的可能性比may要小些。

B.当对现在及将来正在发生的动作进行推测时,一般用can/could,may/might,must+be+doing(动词的进行式)。

A:Where’s Cindy?(辛迪在哪儿呢?)

B:It’s a fine day.She may/might be enjoying the sunshine on the lawn.

(今天天气好,她很可能在草坪上晒太阳呢。)

补充:can在肯定句中表示比较一般的可能性,不表示实际上正在发生或将要发生的具体可能性,这种可能性要用may来表示。

Your sister can’t be touring Nanjing.I saw her just now.

(你姐姐根本不可能在南京旅游,我刚刚还看见她呢。)

C.它们的推测程度为:may/might表示“有可能;大概”,might的语气比may要弱,相当于perhaps;can/could表示“或许”,其可能性比may/might要小,相当于possibly;must的可能性最强,语气较肯定。

Our football team plays better than before.It could win.

(我们的足球队踢得比以前好些,它可能会赢。)(把握不大)

The news could be true.(这消息也许是真的。)

The earrings might be a present for her mother.(这对耳环可能是给她妈妈的礼物。)

I don’t know if I’ll get a gift.I might get it.(我不知道我能否得到一份礼物。可能会吧。)

She isn’t answering the phone.She must be out.(她没接电话。她肯定是出去了。)

Each Olympic medal must be at least 3 millimeters thick and 60 millimeters in diameter.

(每块奥运奖牌必须至少3毫米厚,直径至少60毫米。)

(2)表示对过去的状态、动作的推测

A.当表示对过去的状态、动作的推测时,must/may/might可用在肯定句中表示肯定的推测,一般用must/may/might+have done(现在完成时)表示。

The boy may have got lost.It isn’t easy to find this place.

(这个男孩子可能迷路了,这个地方不好找。)

She may have missed the bus.(她也许错过公共汽车了。)

说明:表示推测过去的可能性时,可以用may/might+have+过去分词;但might的可能性比may小些,且might可用could代替。

My watch says it’s only ten past two.It must have stopped.

(我的表现在才2点10分,它肯定停了。)

The road is wet.It must have rained last night.(路是湿的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。)

Jack has got the highest mark in this exam.He must have studied hard.

(杰克这次考试得分最高,他肯定用功学习了。)

B.can/could用在否定句中表示否定的推测,一般用can/could+not+have done(现在完成时)表示对过去的状态、动作的推测。此外,can/could还可用在疑问句中表示推测。

He can’t have forgotten.We were talking about it this morning.

(他不可能忘了,我们今天早上还说这事了。)

There isn’t any water on the road.It can’t/couldn’t have rained last night.

(路上一滴水都没有,昨天夜里不可能下雨了。)

5.need的用法

need意为“需要”,既可作情态动词,也可作行为动词

need作情态动词时主要用在否定句和疑问句中;need作行为动词时可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。

You needn’t finish that work today.(你今天不必把那项工作做完。)(need是情态动词)

Do you need any help?(你需要帮助吗?)(need是行为动词)

(1)need在否定句中的用法

You needn’t worry about him.He has grown up.(你不必为他担心,他已经长大了。)

(2)need在疑问句中的用法

A:Need I stay here any longer?(我还有必要留在这儿吗?)

B:Yes,you must.(是的,你必须。)/No,you needn’t.(不,你不必。)

(3)need在反意疑问句中的用法

We needn’t wait too long,need we?(我们不必等太久,是吧?)

补充:行为动词need的用法

I guess Anna just needs to talk to somebody sometimes.

(我想安娜有时仅仅是需要和人聊聊罢了。)

3.Will you...?和Would you (like)...?及Shall I/we...?

Will you be at home tomorrow?(你明天会在家吗?)

Would you have a cup of tea?(可以请你喝杯茶吗?)

句型

意义

Will you...?

请(为我)做某事好吗?(请求对方做某事)

做……好吗?(劝阻、客气的说法)

Would you...?

可以请你……吗?(请求对方做某事)

Would you like...?

你想要来点……吗?(用于请人吃东西)

你想/愿意……吗?(征询对方的意见)

你需要……吗?(询问对方的意向)

Shall I...?

我要……吗?(表示建议或征求对方意见)

Shall we...?

我们一起做……吗?(询问对方的意向)

1.Will you...?的用法

Will you help me with my homework?(请你辅导我做作业好吗?)

Will you buy a newspaper for me?(帮我买份儿报纸好吗?)

(1)Will you (please)+动词原形+……?

A.表示询问对方的意愿,请求对方做某事,是比较客气的用语。

Will you show me some pens?(把笔给我看看好吗?)(请求对方做某事)

Will you have some rice dumplings?(请吃点儿粽子好吗?)(客气的说法)

说明:在Will you...(表示请求、劝说)的疑问句中,一般使用some,而不用any。

B.表示请求,是更为客气的用语。

Will you please go with me?(您和我一起走好吗?)

Will you please take off your hat?(劳驾,把你的帽子摘掉好吗?)

2.对Will you...?句型的回答

对Will you...?句型的各种肯定和否定回答参见下表,通常根据具体语境而定。

肯定回答

否定回答

Yes,I will.(是的,可以。)

No,I won’t.(不,不行。)

Sure.(当然了。)

I’m sorry.I can’t.(对不起,不行。)

Certainly.(好啊。当然了。)

No,thank you.(不用了,谢谢。)

Yes,please.(好的,请。)(被建议做某事时)


A.肯定回答

A:Will you open the window?(请打开窗户好吧?)(请求对方做某事)

B:All right.(好吧。)

A:Will you have a piece of pizza?(吃块比萨好吧?)(建议对方做某事)

B:Yes,please.(好的,请来块。)

补充:表示请求和劝说时,用Won’t you...?这一句型比Will you...?还要客气

Won’t you come to my house?(难道你不要来我家坐一坐吗?)

Won’t you forgive Alan?(你不原谅艾伦吗?)

B.否定回答

A:Will you pass me the book?(请把那本书递给我好吗?)

B:No,I won’t./I am sorry.I can’t.(不,不行。/对不起,不行。)

A:Will you have some Pepsi cola?(喝点儿百事可乐好吗?)

B:No,thank you.(不用了,谢谢。)

2.Would you (like)...?的用法

Would you pay me in cash,please?(请您付给我现金行吗?)

Would you like to sing a song?(请唱首歌好吗?)

(1)Would you+动词原形+……?

would是will的过去式,Would you...?句型表示“可以请你……吗?”,语气比Will you...?句型更为婉转。

Would you have a cup of oolong tea?(可以请你喝杯乌龙茶吗?)

Would you tell me the way to the Exhibition Centre?

(劳驾,您能告诉我去展览中心怎么走吗?)(回答同“Will you...?”句型)

(2)Would you like...?

表示请求、劝说,是很客气的说法。其答语很灵活,要根据说话人双方的不同语境而定。

A.用于请人吃东西,表示“你来些……吗?”

A:Would you like some Christmas pudding?(你需要来些圣诞布丁吗?)

B:Yes,please.(是的,请来些吧。)/No,thanks.(不,谢谢。)

说明:句型“主语+would like to...”表示“……想要……”,与“...want to...”意思一样,但比较客气。

I’d like to ask you a question.=I want to ask you a question.(我想问你一个问题。)

B.用于征询对方的意见,表示“你想/愿意……吗?”

A:Would you like to chat with me at lunch time?(午餐时你愿意和我聊聊天吗?)

B:I’d like to.(我愿意。)/Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,我恐怕不能和你聊天。)

C.用于询问对方是否需要某物或者是否需要某人做某事等,表示“你需要……吗?”

A:Would you like some caviar and mustard?(你需要些鱼子酱和芥末吗?)

B:Yes,please.(是的,请给我一些吧。)/No,thanks.(不用了,谢谢。)

3.Shall I/we...?的用法

Shall I buy the book for you?(我要为你买那本书吧?)

Shall we dance together?(我们一起跳个舞好吗?)

(1)Shall I...?的用法

Shall I...?用来提出自己的建议,并询问对方是否赞成这一建议,译为“我要……吗?”

A:Shall I drive you to the airport?(我要开车送你们去机场吗?)

B:No,thanks.(不用了,谢谢。)

A:Shall I wind the car window down?(我要把车窗摇下来吗?)

B:Yes,please.(好的。)

补充:Shall I...?的回答

Yes,please.(好的,请……)/No,thanks.(不,谢谢。)

(2)Shall we...?的用法

Shall we...?用来向对方提出建议、邀请,并询问对方是否赞成,译为“我们一起做……好吗?”。

A:Shall we take a boat together now?(我们现在一起去划船好吗?)

说明:Shall we...?意思上和Let’s...相近。

Let’s take a boat now.(咱们现在去划船吧!)

B:That’ fine with me.(行,没有问题。)

A:Shall we go to see the famous Oriental Pearl TV Tower?

(我们一起去看著名的东方明珠电视塔好吗?)

B:Good idea.(好主意。)

A:Shall we make a model house?(我们一起制作一个模型房子好吗?)

B:Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,恐怕不能。)

补充:Shall we...?的回答

All right.(好吧。)/Good idea.(好主意。)/That’s fine with me.(行,没有问题。)/Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.(对不起,恐怕不能。)

4.should,ought to和had better

情态动词should,ought to都可以表示劝告建议,一般情况下可以通用。在表示要求命令时,...had better(最好)的语气比...should(应该)强。

1.should的用法

should是shall的过去式,没有缩写形式。它作为情态动词时,可用于所有人称,表示劝告、建议或有责任、义务去做某事,通常译为“必须,应该”。

You should put the rubbish in the bin.(你应该把垃圾扔进垃圾箱里。)

You should wash the dress by hand in cool water.(你应该用凉水手洗这条裙子。)

We shouldn’t keep all the lights in our house on all right.

(我们不应该让房子里所有的灯整晚都亮着。)

2.ought to的用法

ought to也可以表示劝告、建议,译为“应该”。一般情况下,ought to可和should通用,但ought to语气更强烈些。另外,ought to (do sth.)是惟一一个带不定式to的情态动词。要掌握它的否定式和疑问式。

My parents are getting older and older.I ought to/should visit them more often.

(我父母年纪越来越大了,我应该更多地去看望他们。)

I enjoy his first play,so I think the new one ought to/should be good.

(我欣赏他的第一个剧本,所以我认为这部新剧应该也不错。)

It’s too cold.You ought not to make a snowman outside.(天气太冷了,你不应该在外面堆雪人。)

A:Ought I to put on my coat?(我要穿外套吗?)

B:Yes,you ought (to).(是的,你要(穿上)。)/No,you ought not (to).(不,你(不必)穿上。)

3.had better的用法

had better译为“最好”,它后面要跟动词原形。had better只有一种形式,没有have/has better这类形式;它的否定式是在后面加not

We had better check the condition of the car before starting our journey.

(上路前我们最好先检查一下车况。)

He’d (=He had) better go now,or he’ll be late.(他最好现在就走,要不然该迟到了。)

You’d better eat these bananas before they go bad.

(你最好趁这些香蕉还没坏之前把它们吃掉。)

You’d better not eat so many sweets.(你最好别吃那么多的糖果。)

5.have to

当句子是现在时,主语为第一、二人称以及第三人称复数时用have to...,主语为第三人称单数时用has to...;当句子是过去时的时候用had to...;当句子是将来时的时候用will have to...。要注意to后面接动词原形

形式

时态

肯定

否定

疑问与回答

现在

have/has to

don’t/doesn’t have to

Do you/Does he have to...?

Yes,I do/he does.

No,I don’t/he doesn’t.

过去

had to

didn’t have to

Did you/he have to...?

Yes,I/he did.

No,I/he didn’t.

将来

will have to

won’t have to

Will you/he have to...?

Yes,I/he will.

No,I/he won’t.

1.have to的肯定句

句型:主语+have/has/had/will have to+动词原形+……

We have to stay there for three hours.(我们不得不在那儿呆上3个小时。)

You have to eat less junk food like fried fish and chips.

(你应该少吃像油炸鱼和油炸土豆条之类的垃圾食物。)

Mary has to wear sports shoes for gym class.(玛丽体育课必须穿运动鞋。)

I had to get up at 5 a.m. yesterday.(我昨天早晨不得不5点钟起床。)

2.have to的否定句

句型:主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t/won’t have to+动词原形+……

Take it easy.You don’t have to be so nervous.(放轻松些,你没有必要这么紧张。)

说明:don’t have to do...意为“不必做……”。(表示没有必要)

Emily doesn’t have to go to the Children’s Palace to practise the guitar every day.

(埃米莉不必每天都去少年宫练习吉他。)

We won’t have to go to school next week.(下周我们不必去上学了。)

3.have to的疑问句

句型:Do/Does/Did/Will+主语+have to+动词原形+……?

A:Do we have to wear the school uniform?(我们必须穿校服吗?)

B:Yes,we do.(是的,我们必须穿。)/No,we don’t (have to).(不,我们没有必要穿。)

A:Does Jason have to practise English and Japanese every day?

(贾森必须要每天练习英语和日语吗?)

B:Yes,he does.(是的,他必须每天练习。)/No,he doesn’t (have to).(不,他没有必要每天练习。)

A:Did you have to go on a diet before?(你以前必须节食吗?)

B:Yes,I did.I was overweight.(是的,必须。我超重了。)/No,I didn’t (have to).(不,没有必要。)

Common Mistakes(注意!失分陷阱!)

陷阱例题①

A:Can I help you? B:I bought this watch here yesterday,but it __________ work.【江西中考】

A.won’t

B.didn’t

C.doesn’t

D.wouldn’t

句意提示:A:我能为您效劳吗?

B:昨天我在这儿买了这块手表,但是它不走了。

陷阱追击:本题考查助动词的时态运用。助动词一般没有词义,主要帮助构成谓语,表示时态、语态或构成疑问及否定形式。

正确解析:根据上下文可知要用一般现在时来表达现在的状态。正确答案为C

陷阱例题②

A:Must I answer this question in English? B:No,you __________.【临沂中考】

A.mustn’t

B.needn’t

C.can’t

D.shouldn’t

句意提示:A:我必须用英语回答这个问题吗?

B:不,你不必。

陷阱追击:本题考查以must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答。容易误选A。

正确解析:以must提问的一般疑问句的否定回答常用needn’t或者don’t have to,而不用mustn’t。正确答案为B

陷阱例题③

A:What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift?

B:I haven’t decided yet.I __________ send her a hand bag.【成都中考】

A.shall

B.may

C.must

句意提示:A:你将送什么给你的妹妹作为圣诞节礼物呢?

B:我还没决定。我可能送给她一个手袋。

陷阱追击:本题考查情态动词may的基本用法。容易误选A。

正确解析:由上下文可知,此处may表示推测或客观可能性。正确答案为B

陷阱例题④

Alice,please be quiet!The others __________ hear clearly.

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.shouldn’t

句意提示:艾丽斯,请安静!其他人都听不清了。

陷阱追击:本题考查can的一般用法。如辨别不清can,must的意义及用法,容易误选B。

正确解析:can’t表示“不能”,mustn’t表示“不允许”,shouldn’t表示“不应该”。根据题意可知,正确答案为A

Final Check(实力测验)

1.用适当的动词和情态动词填空

1.A:Must I wait till he comes back? B:No,you __________.

2.You __________ not make so much noise in the hospital.

3.A:Can you ride a bike? B:No,I __________.

4.A:Do you speak English? B:Yes,I __________.

5.A:Need I go home now? B:No.You __________ stay here.

6.__________ you like to help me?

7.My mother is ill.I __________ stay at home and look after her.

8.A:__________ I use your car? B:Yes,you __________.

9.__________ we begin our class now?

10.A:Need I hand in my homework? B:Yes,you __________.

2.改写句子,保持句意不变

1.You must wash the dishes.

=You __________ __________ wash the dishes.

2.She can cook well.

=She __________ __________ __________ cook well.

3.Wash your face at once.

=You __________ wash your face at once.

4.They couldn’t find any secrets(秘密).

=They __________ not __________ to find any secrets.

5.You should be here on time.

=You __________ __________ be here on time.

3.选择填空

1.You __________ return the book now.You can keep it till next week.

A.can’t

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.may not

2.A:Can I leave this door open at night? B:No,you __________.

A.should better not

B.would better not

C.had better not

D.had not better

3.Hurry up.He __________ for us at the station.

A.must wait

B.must be waiting

C.should wait

D.should be waiting

4.A:The food must be good. B:No,it __________ be good.

A.must not

B.needn’t

C.wouldn’t

D.cannot

5.Your shirt is rather dirty.__________ I wash it for you?

A.Do

B.Will

C.Have

D.Shall

6.I am afraid I __________ go with you.I am very bust these days.

A.mayn’t

B.can’t

C.am not able to

D.mustn’t

7.The soldiers looked everywhere for the spy,but they __________ find him.

A.can’t

B.couldn’t

C.is not able to

D.was not able to

8.Your hair’s too long.I think you __________ get it cut.

A.should

B.may

C.can

D.will

9.I am going to bed.I __________ get up early tomorrow morning.

A.can

B.had better

C.should

D.have to

10.You’re in danger.You __________ get out.

A.are not able to

B.shouldn’t

C.needn’t

D.mustn’t

11.You work too much.I think you __________ take it easy.

A.had better

B.have better

C.have to

D.are able to

12.You have a little fever.You __________ attend the meeting.

A.have better not

B.have not better

C.had better not

D.had not better

13.A:Must I bring all the things with me when I go out for a picnic?

B:No,You __________.But you __________ bring all the food here.

A.mustn’t;mustn’t

B.mustn’t;need

C.needn’t;needn’t

D.needn’t;must

14.Would she like __________?

A.to join us

B.join us

C.joinning us

D.joined us

15.Will you please __________?

A.to dance with me

B.dance with me

C.dancing with me

D.danced with me

4.英译汉

1.She must be the headmaster.

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.I need some help.

_______________________________________________________________________________

3.Their plane may arrive soon.

_______________________________________________________________________________

4.Difficulties can and must be overcome.

_______________________________________________________________________________

5.He didn’t like the job because he had to wear a uniform.

_______________________________________________________________________________

6.They ought to join the army.

_______________________________________________________________________________

7.Shall I open the window?

_______________________________________________________________________________

8.Will you have another cup of tea?

_______________________________________________________________________________

5.改错(每句只有一个错误)

1.Will you please to pass me the dictionary?

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.The weather is not good.We’d better to stay at home.

_______________________________________________________________________________

3.I haven’t to go there.I can make a phone call.

_______________________________________________________________________________

4.You don’t need write such a note.

_______________________________________________________________________________

【课后作业】

一、用适当的情态动词填空。

1. — Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?

— I’d love to, but I’m afraid I _______. I have too much work to do.

2. You _______ swim in this part of the lake. It’s dangerous.

3. — ________ I use your dictionary?

— Of course you can.

4. — ________ I know your name?

— Sure. My name is Han Huimei.

5. I don’t understand this sentence. ________ you explain it to me?

6. — ________ I tell him the truth right now?

— No, you ________. You can tell him about it later.

7. — That sweater _______ be yours.

— No, it _______ be mine. Mine is over there.

8. Jim left his English book at home. He _______ borrow one from other students.

9. _______ you have a merry Christmas and happy New Year!

10. — May I pick a flower in the garden?

— No, you _______.

二、改正下列句子中的一处错误。

1. Must I know your name, please?

2. They’ll go swimming next Saturday and so do we.

3. — It must be our monitor.

— No, it mustn’t be him. He has gone home.

4. You’d better to help him with his English.

5. With your help, we will able to finish the work on time.

6. Will you like to join us in the singing contest?

7. He had not better talk in class. The teacher will get angry.

8. — Could I use your cell phone?

— Yes, you could.

9. Will I help you carry the suitcase?

10. — Must I report this to our head teacher now?

— No, you mustn’t.

三、选用括号中适当的词填空。

1. I ______ (didn’t / don’t) see Jane at the party yesterday.

2. ______ (Do / Does) anybody know how to spell this word?

3. Don’t ______ (be / do / ×) nervous. You will be great.

4. He ______ (don’t / doesn’t ) know how to use this washing machine.

5. He should ______ ( do / does) his homework all by himself.

6. We ______ (won’t / don’t) go picnicking tomorrow because it is going to rain.

7. ______ (Did / Do) you have any money with you?

8. — ______ (Can / Could) your father drive a car?

— Yes, he ______ (can / could). But he ______ (can / could) not before we bought our car.

9. Although the driver was badly hurt, he ______ (was able to / could) tell what had happened.

10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone ______ (was able to / could) get out.

四、对画线部分进行提问。

1. His mother asked him to take off his dirty shoes.

__________________________________________________________________

2. This new Chinese-English dictionary cost me over 100 yuan.

__________________________________________________________________

3. Our teacher asks him to speak English every day.

__________________________________________________________________

4. Mary’s pen pal comes from Australia.

__________________________________________________________________

5. I always do my homework in the evening.

__________________________________________________________________

五、将下列句子译成英语。

1. “抱歉我没有赢得比赛。”“没关系。你不可能每次都赢。”

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

2. 为了保护我们的城市环境,决不能把垃圾扔进河里。

________________________________________________________

3. 如果你有重要的事情要做,今天下午你就不必去开会了。

________________________________________________________

4. “你会打沙滩排球球吗?”“不,我不会。”

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

5. 我们图书馆的书借期不可超过两星期。

________________________________________________________

六、中考真题。

1. How _______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have seen only part of the TV play?

A. can B. may C. must D. need

2. — May I go to play football now, Mum?

— OK. But you _______ be back before 5 o’clock.

A. can B. must C. may D. need

3. The light in the office is off. The teacher _______ be there now.

A. may B. can’t C. mustn’t D. must

4. You _______ open the door before the train gets into the station.

A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not

5. — It nearly took me an hour to walk here.

— Have a drink, then. You _______ be thirsty.

A. should B. can C. will D. must

6. — I was told to be here before eight.

— Oh, you _______. I’m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.

A. must B. can’t C. may D. needn’t

7. — _______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?

— No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon.

A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must

8. — Must I be back home before 6 o’clock?

— No, you _______. But don’t be too late.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t

9. — Let’s go dancing tonight.

— Sorry, I _______. I have to go to a meeting.

A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t

10. You _______ be careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. It’s too dangerous.

A. will B. must C. can D. may

11. — _______ I have to show the school report to my parents, Miss King?

— Yes, you do.

A. Must B. Do C. Can D. May

12. — Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

— I’d like to, but I _______ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.

A. need B. must C. should D. have to

13. — Look! The man at the gate _______ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning.

— No, it _______ be him. He is in the office now.

A. must, can’t B. must, mustn’t

C. can, can’t D. can, mustn’t

14. — Must I return the book tomorrow morning?

— No, you _______. You _______ keep it for three days.

A. mustn’t, may B. mustn’t, must

C. needn’t, can D. needn’t, must

15. — Look! Mr Hu is on the other side of the street.

— It _______ be him. He has gone to Lan Zhou.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. won’t

16. Cars, buses and bikes _______ stop when the traffic light is red.

A. can B. must C. may D. need

17. — _______ I borrow your MP3?

— Sure. Here you are.

A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would

18. — Mom, _______ I play computer games?

— Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first.

A. must B. may C. will D. need

19. — Shall I tell Sally about it?

— No, you _______. I’ve told her already.

A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t

20. — I can’t stop playing computer games.

— For your health, my boy, I’m afraid you _______.

A. can B. may C. must D. have to

21. You have already tried your best, so you _______ worry about the matter.

A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t

22. — Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr Zhao?

— No, you _______. You may give it to me tomorrow.

A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not

23. — Must I wait for you here now?

— No, you _______. You may be back in half an hour.

A. don’t have to B. mustn’t

C. can’t D. shouldn’t

24. — Is Susan going to her hometown by train?

— I guess she ________. I know she likes driving her new car.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. could not

25. — Who is the girl standing over there?

— Well, if you ______ know, her name is Joe.

A. must B. may C. can D. shall

26. — My car has broken down. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?

— I’m sorry I _______. I’m leaving for London tonight.

A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. shouldn’t

27. — Would you like to go to the zoo with us?

— _________

A. No, I’m busy. B. Why not?

C. Thank you. D. That’s all right.

28. He ______ in the classroom just now. He ______ be there now.

A. heard to sing, may B. was heard sing, must

C. heard sing, must D. was heard to sing, may

29. — Must I park my car behind the building?

— No, you ______. You ______ park it here.

A. mustn’t, may B. may not, must

C. don’t have to, may D. shouldn’t, must

30. — Never touch my computer while I’m away.

— _________.

A. I shouldn’t B. I mustn’t C. I won’t D. I don’t

31. That tall boy ________ be John. John is medium height.

A. mustn’t B. must C. can’t D. might

32. This kind of food ______ cool, clean and dry according to the instruction.

A. should be carried B. must be put

C. should be placed D. must be kept

33. — Must I finish that work today?

— No, you ______. You may finish it in three days.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t

34. — Where is mom now?

— I’m not sure. She ______ be in the kitchen.

A. shall B. may C. need D. must

35. — Joan, you are late!

— Sorry, I ______ next time.

A. don’t B. won’t C. am not D. haven’t

36. We _______ talk loudly when we see the sign on the right.

A. must B. mustn’t C. need D. needn’t

37. — Must I go and do it now?

— No, you ______. We still have two more days.

A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t

38. — May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?

— Yes, of course. You _______ finish it today.

A. must B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. need

39. — Must I finish the work today, Mom?

— No, you _______. You can finish it tomorrow.

A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

40. — Do I have to come back tomorrow?

— Yes, you ______.

A. can B. may C. must D. should

41. — I really like playing computer games!

— I’m afraid you ________ stop, for your study and your health.

A. can B. will C. may D. must

42. — Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?

— No. It ______ be Tom. He has gone to Paris.

A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. must not

43. — Mr Johnson asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t forget it!

— OK, I _______.

A. won’t B. don’t C. will D. do

44. — Is John coming by train?

— He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car.

A. must B. can C. may D. need

45. — Are you going to Beijing by plane?

— It’s fast, but expensive. So I am not sure. I ______ take a train.

A. should B. may C. must D. will

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