高考英语阅读七选五的代词指代现象

 

高考英语阅读七选五是一种难度较高的题型。完形填空考的是填词，而阅读七选五考的是填句。考生做这种题型时不仅要考虑上下文的连贯性，而且要应对两个多余的干扰项的影响。这两个干扰项通常被设计得与正确选项非常接近，容易混淆考生的判断。

高考英语阅读七选五强调上下文连贯性。这种连贯体现在句子、段落在衔接时会使用逻辑连接词、代词等。

本文主要分析的是代词指代现象。这种题型在2019年全国1、2、3卷均出现，但是更早以前则出现的次数较少。

单数指代

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）七选五第40题

原文如下：

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” 36 According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood（情绪）.Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.

选项

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for?

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

这篇文章主题是关于新鲜空气的益处。去户外不只意味着呼吸新鲜空气，有助于清肺；多看自然景物也有助于调节情绪，保持好心情；同时户外的阳光也有益处，有助于补充维生素D。

其中，第40题的空格设置在段首。段首设空通常意味着填进去的句子要能承上启下，尤其是概括本段中心。分析本文结构可知，首段的作用主要是引入话题，而后面几段是分别列举去户外呼吸新鲜空气的好处，属于总分结构。在列举了清肺、调节心情等好处之后，最后一个好处是通过适当的日晒补充维生素D，因此第40题的空格要能够承上启下，从上面的好处过渡到最后一个好处。D选项的another side benefit即“另一个附带好处”可以起来这个作用。

答案

36. E

37. A

38. G

39. C

40. D

复数指代

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）39题

Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.

37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals

You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. 38 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.

Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.

Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.

You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.

选项

A. This can affect your work.

B. So how should you motivate yourself?

C. However, this should not discourage you.

D. So why should we try to set specific goals?

E. They can change according to circumstances.

F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it

这篇文章是关于遇到多个选择时，人们容易因为犹豫不决，于是没有采取任何行动。本文分析了这种现象，并给出了多个建议。

其中第39题属于段中设空。段中设空通常需要填充的句子能与前后句衔接。仔细品读本段，

Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.

前句的意思是“另一种设置现实目标的方法是分析你的长短期目标，记住你的信仰、价值观和强项。记住这些目标是灵活的。”

后句的意思是“他们也应该可测量。设置目标时，你必须记住这些要点。”

那么做题时应该注意几个要点。第一，这里的“他们”指的是什么呢？ 根据上下文，这个“他们”应该是指目标。第二，在意思上，因为前句提到了目标是“灵活”的，后句提到了“也应该可测量”，那么中间这个空的句子应该也是指目标的特征，并且应该能跟前句的意思保持统一，因为后句的“也”意味着已经切换入另一个意思。综上所述，此空应该包含要点，第一是目标的复数，第二是“灵活”的近义词。各选项中只有E选项“他们能根据环境而改变”是符合这两个要求的。

答案

36.G

37.B

38.A

39.E

40.C

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2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）38题

In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.

Do's

? 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

? Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.

Don'ts

? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39

? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed, they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.

G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.