expose(人教版高中英语必修五第一单元笔记)

人教版高中英语必修五第一单位条记

B5U1

一、重点单词和短语

1. characteristic n. 特性；特性（天生有别与他物的特性）

区分于character：

① 品格；特性----有关于一局部品德的特性

② 人物；人物

③ 誊写；印刷；标记 eg. Chinese character 汉字

2. conclude vt.& vi.完毕；推断出

① to conclude 再说最初一句（做插进语）=in conclusion

② conclude (sth.) with... 以......完毕（某事）

③ conclude from...that... 从......得出结论......

eg. He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.

④ conclusion n. 完毕；结论

draw a conclusion 得出结论 =

reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion

in conclusion 最初

make a conclusion 下结论；完毕

3. defeat vt. 打败；克服；使受挫；使怀疑；难住 n.失败

区分 beat win：

① defeat+宾语（常为人） 打败或人

② beat 常用于比赛、游戏 打败（队）

③ win+game/war/praise 博得......

win over sb. 胜了或人

4. expert adj. 熟稔的；履历或知识丰厚的 n.专家；行家

be expert in... 在······方面是专家 eg. He is expert in biology.

5. attend vt.

① 照顾；照顾

attend to sth. 处理；照料某事 attend (to) sb. 照料；处理或人

eg. There are more pressing matters to be attended to today

②列席；到场

区分：join/take part in/join in

join 到场 （构造、团队、党派）

attend 到场（聚会会议、仪式、听课）

take part in 指到场有构造的活动等，并起紧张作用

join in 侧重指与或人一同做某事,到场（游戏、活动）

join sb. in (doing) sth.

join in（doing）sth.

6. expose vt. 暴露；揭破；使曝光

① expose....to..... 把······暴露于····（把恶行等公之于众）

eg. He exposed the secret to the public.

② expose sth. to sb. 揭破或人（骗子、冒名者）

7. cure

① n. 治愈；康复 a cure for sth. ···的治法或药物

② vt. 治愈；医治 cure sb. of sth. 改正；改正或人不良举动；治愈或人的病

eg. Parents try to cure their chlidren of bad habits

区分：treat cure

treat 医治（重申医治历程） treat sb. for/with sth.

eg. The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine.

cure 治愈 （重申医治后果） cure sb. of sth. 治愈或人的病

干系带of的词组:

accuse sb. of sth. 控告或人某事 = charge sb. with sth.

rob sb. of sth. 掳掠或人某物

warn sb. of sth. 告诫或人某事

rid sb. of sth. 使或人挣脱某事

remind sb. of sth. 提示或人某事

cheat sb. of sth. 骗取或人某物

8. challenge

① n. 挑唆 accept/take up the challenge 承受挑唆

meet/respond to/face the challenge 回应；面临挑唆

a challenge to (介词） 对·····挑唆

② vt. 向····挑唆 challenge sb. to (do) sth. 挑唆或人做某事

9. suggest v. 表现，标明；发起，发起

①suggest表现"表现，标明"，自后的从句用的报告语气

eg. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.

suggest表现"发起"，自后的从句用的是假造语气，

即从句谓语动词用 "should+do", should可以省略

eg. The teacher suggested the boy should take up a challenge bravely.

②从句用假造语气的动词：下列表现"发起"、"下令"、"哀求"的动词后方的宾语从句中要用假造语气，谓语用"should + 动词本相"，should 可以省略：我把它们简称"坚决要命类动词：

一坚持：insist

二下令：command ，order

四发起：suggest，advise，propose, recommend

五要求：ask (beg ), desire, demand, require request

外加三个词：prefer, urge, maintain 如：

I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

One of the requirements for the experiment is that the material should be hated to its burning temperature.

The teacher desired that all the exercises should be handed in Before school was over.

10.absorb

① vt. 吸取；吸引 (吸取液体、气体、光热等）

absorb sth. into sth. 吸取····进·····

eg. People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

absorb...from... 从·····中吸取·····

eg. Jim absorbed a lot from what his teacher said.

② 使专心 be absorbed in 专心致志于=absorb oneself in

③ 了解；把握

11.suspect vt.以为；猜疑 n. 被猜疑者；猜疑犯

① suspect sb. of doing sth. 猜疑或人做某事

eg. The police suspected him of stealing the money.

② suspect sb. to be 猜疑或人是

eg. The police suspected him to be a thief=The police suspected that he is a thief.

12.blame

① vt.叱责；责难

blame sb. for（doing）sth. 为某事叱责或人

blame sth. on sb. 把某事归罪于或人

sth./sb. be to blame (sth.） 某事/或人应遭到叱责

eg. It semed that the water was to blame

② n. 不对；叱责

take the blame for = bear the blame for 对·····卖力

place/put/lay the blame on 坏在·····身上

eg. He laid/put the blame for his failure on his teacher.

13. link vt.& n. 毗连；接洽

① link...to... 将····和····接洽起来

② link up (with....) (与····）毗连；团结

14. handle n.把手 vt. 处理 = deal with； 利用 = operate

15. announce vt. 公布；告示

① announce sth. to sb. 向或人公布某事

（注：announce不克不及跟双宾语，即没有announce sb. sth. 布局，

如此的动词另有 suggest，explain，report，say）

② It is announced that.... 据公布······

③ 辨析announce与declare

announce 多指事先公布或公开宣告各位体贴的事或某事预示着···的到来

declare 寻常指在正式场合公布官方的态度或态度，后方可跟复合宾语。

另有"断言；宣言"之意

④ n. announcement 公布；告示 make an announcement 公布；公布告示

16. instruct vt. 下令；指示；教导（作"下令，指示"讲时，后边从句用假造语气）

① instruct sb. to do sth. 关照或人做某事

② as instructed 依照指示

③ instruct sb. in sth. 教导或人某事 eg. She instructs us in maths.

17. responsible adj. 有责任的 be responsible for..... 对····卖力

18. contribute

① vt.&vi. 募捐；奉献；捐助 contribute....to.... 把···奉献给···

② 辨析contribute与devote

contribute 表现"献身于某一遗址或目标"时，自后不克不及接oneself或one's life

devote 表现"献身于，努力于"时，

常用 devote oneself to，devote one's life/time/energy/efforts to

③ 投稿 contribute to 向···投稿

④ v. 有助于；促进 contribute to 有助于，招致

⑤ n. contribution 奉献 make a contribution to..... 对···做出奉献

19. enthusiastic adj. 热情的 be enthusiastic about sb./(doing) sth. 对或人/（做）某事热心

eg. All the staff are enthusiastic about expanding the business in America.

20. cautious adj.警惕的，审慎的 be cautious about (doing) sth. 对（做）某事警惕或审慎

21. reject vt. 回绝；不承受；丢弃 reject doing sth. 回绝做某事

区分refuse reject

① reject 回绝不得当或令人厌恶的东西，有"剔除"之意

② refuse 回绝他人哀求协助

22.put forward (注：今世词作宾语时要放正中）

① 向前移

② 将···事先；把···向前拨;提出某事 put sth. Forward = put forward sth.

eg. The clock has been put forward by half an hour.

③ 提名或人（为某职位的候选人） put sb. forward (as....)

④ 干系词组：

put aside 把···放一边；不思索

put away 放好；收好；储存

put up 举起；搭建；张贴；挂起

put down 写下；反抗

put off 推延

put out 熄灭；消费；出书

put together 组装；拆卸；把···将就起来

put on weight 增长体重

put...in force 使···奏效

23.apart from

① 除···之外=expect

② 别的（除···之外另有）= as well as/besides

③ 只是（总体好，一局部不定）= expect for

24.make sense

① 讲得通；故意义

② 明智的；通情达理的

③ 表达清晰，易于了解 make sense of sth. 了解某事

eg. Can you make sense out of what this book says

④ make no sense 没真理

there's no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没真理意义的

⑤ in a/one sense 就某种意义来说

⑥ in no sense = in no way = by no means 绝不

二、重点句型

1. only 位于句首的句型

① "only+状语（adv./介词短语）"位于句首，句子局部倒装；若接状语从句，主句倒装，

从句不倒装

eg. Only in big cities was it possible to buy a new wheelchair

Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

② "only+主语"位于句首时，句子不倒装

eg. Only Lucy can solve this difficult problem

③ 辨析only if与if only

Only if 意为"只需，仅有"，通常引导报告语气的真实条件句，主句局部常为局部倒装语序

eg. Only if we link the disease to drinking water will we draw such a conclusion

If only 意为"渴望，要是······就好了"，常引导假造语气的条件句、叹息句

eg.If only I had another chance

2. It seemed that... 仿佛······ （可改为简便句：sb./sth. seemed to do...）

eg. It seemed that the water was to blame

3. neither...nor 毗连两个并列主语。

① 当neither...nor毗连两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数依照"就近"准则，即谓

语动词的数要与nor后方的名词或代词坚持一律。

eg. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood

② 依照就近准则的另有：either...or , not only...but also , not...but 等

4. have/get sth. Done

是"have/get+宾语+宾语补足语"的布局，意为"让某事被做，遭遇某事"，事情的主体是"他人"而非主语"本人"，此时sth.与动词do为被动干系，故用已往分词。

eg. I will have my new house decorated next month

5. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built

句中on which all our ideas of the universe are built是"介词+干系代词"引导的定语从句， 修饰the basis

注：介词的确定要依照"一先、二动、三意义"的准则。"一先"即依据先行词的某种习气

搭配来确定介词；"二动"即依据定语从句中动词所需的某种习气搭配来确定介词；"三

意义"即依据从句的意义来确定介词。

eg. The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming